Summary in a Sentence

Dear Dr. Hawking and all Friends of Mind,

 I have discovered a 4th spatial dimension.

On an inside-outside axis throughout the universe, there is a 4th spatial dimension of depth that has never before been realized by the scientific world.

By geometrically aligning the magnitudes of spinning mass that form the intrinsic structure of the universe (—Galaxies—Stars—Atoms—Particles—) on the inside-outside axis of this 4th spatial dimension, I have come to realize that not only does the Periodic Table of Atoms have mathematical periodicity but all magnitudes of mass in the universe are systematically arranged from inside outward into a mathematical Spectrum of Magnitudes that defines the periodicity and sequence of physical universe evolution. Galaxies are made of Stars. Stars are made of Atoms. Atoms are made of Particles. This Spectrum of Magnitudes, which is a Spectrum of Mass that corresponds proportionately to the Spectrum of Energy and Forces in nature, are aligned on an inside-outside axis that mathematically defines a 4th spatial dimension. And I have discovered that when the constituent magnitudes of mass within the universe are realigned on the inside-outside axis of this 4th spatial dimension (in simultaneous time so that Time is removed as a variable), the 4-spatial dimensional structure of the universe becomes readily evident as it actually is. The physical universe consists of 4 spatial dimensions wherein all magnitudes of mass are systematically arranged in a mathematical matrix composed of 3-dimensional universes within universes within universes (Particles, Atoms, Stars, Galaxies) structurally layered on the inside-outside axis of a 4th spatial dimension wherein each respective magnitude of coexisting space and structure occupies the same sphere of universal space to the full, simultaneously.

This 4th spatial dimension of depth means that the entire physical universe, including the physical body of each and every human being, is composed of not just 3- but 4-spatial dimensions!

Based upon this vision of the Spectrum of Magnitudes, I have geometrically defined the Spectrum of Magnitudes on a single axis line of the 4th spatial dimension, have geometrically defined and elucidated the 4-dimensional composite and component structure of the universe (with the “4th dimension” of motion and movement called Time removed as a variable), have reformulated the Space-Time Model of the Big Bang into a Gravity Implosion—Energy Explosion Model in which both sides of the equation comply with the laws of science and thereby both the Pre-Bang Universe and Post-Bang Universe are rendered fully accessible to scientific comprehension and exploration, have shown how the Big-Bang threshold of this Gravity Implosion—Energy Explosion process is the fundamental pattern that accounts for galaxy and universe evolution and thereby unveils the origin as well as results of the Big Bang, have formulated a theory of galaxy-by-galaxy birth, growth and evolution of the physical universe based upon the “Big Bang” being a recurring and ongoing process that is physically located within the “supermassive black hole” center of each active galaxy, have added a new perspective for the 4th spatial dimensional significance of black holes which makes it possible for science to move beyond the blinding limits of their event horizon, have assembled evidence demonstrating that each cosmic plasma jet issuing out of the “supermassive black holes” in quasars and active galactic nuclei in every space-time region of the visible physical universe is in fact an ongoing “Big Bang” exploding outward right in front of our eyes, have therefrom shown through evidence that each galaxy materializes and grows from inside outward from the ongoing Big-Bang process that is physically located within its supermassive black hole center, have furthermore demonstrated through evidence that the mainstream sequence of galaxy birth, growth and evolution progresses in an uninterrupted continuum of evolutionary stages from quasar to irregular blue dwarf galaxy to elliptical galaxy to spiral galaxy and thereby have defined the entire lifecycle of the galaxy from origin to fully evolved present form, have shown how the large scale structure of the physical universe has as a result grown and evolved from inside outward in cell-like units of pattern consisting of superclusters of galaxies surrounding “Voids of Space” that are in effect windows into the Pre-Bang Universe, have geometrically conceptualized and defined the evolutionary structure of the Cosmos as a whole and all of its Universes in 4 spatial dimensions as depicted on the frontispiece of this treatise, and through the integration of this Spectrum of Magnitudes theory on both a Macrocosmic and Microcosmic level have formulated a unified scientific theory that encompasses the Origin and Evolution of the Universe.  

Radius of Relativity

 My wonderings about the 4th spatial dimension did not begin from an interest in cosmology. This Journey of the Unmapped Way began through the microscope.

As a medical doctor subspecialty trained in hematology, I spent my formative years taking care of patients who had hematological malignancies. Working day to day with patients who were fighting for their life because a single cell had undergone a molecular change and began to replicate insanely, dividing and spreading malignant cells throughout the body and ravaging the macrocosm within which they lived, affected me profoundly and began to alter the way I looked at everything: the microscopic world wherein I waged a war of life and death with cellular enemies, the anguish in my patients when their leukemia relapsed and they were faced with another course of chemotherapy and impending threat of death, the star filled sky above toward which I prayed when the legions of malignant cells raged victoriously over all our efforts and all our hope. There at the bedside was my initiation into the reality of suffering and death.

The birth of this insight began during the Vietnam War era. Our whole country had gone insane because of the replication of a sinister idea within a powerful few having very malignant intentions. President Kennedy had been murdered. In the wake of his assassination, a half a million of America’s youth were sent to Vietnam to kill and die in the name of “freedom”. Napalm was seen exploding in hamlets and villages inhabited by women and children. The whole world watched in horror at the sight of a nine-year-old Vietnamese girl running down the road from her burning village with 3rd degree napalm burns all over her body, her outstretched arms reaching helplessly toward the heart and mind of every human being in the world. The streets around my university and all across the nation were filled with students who were enraged by the atrocity of war that America was waging upon the people of Vietnam, a country that everyone began to realize was fighting for their freedom from foreign occupation for the very same reason our forefathers fought for our right to govern ourselves and be free from foreign oppression and usurpation. In the setting of this insanity, with the Macrocosm of my country invading and waging a murderous war upon human beings in the name of freedom and the Microcosm of Man everywhere I looked afflicted with unbearable suffering, I snapped. Like Humpty Dumpty, I had a terrible fall. And nobody could put me back together again. And when I reintegrated into the firmament of my own mind and heart, I began to see the world around me without my sight being blinded by the twist and warp of words that didn’t make any sense at all. And without my mind being encumbered by habits of mind that blind our sight with nonsense, I began to see the relationship between the Macrocosm of Universe and Microcosm of Man as it has never been seen before. 

Therefrom, through the exigencies of my fate during the last 25 years, I found myself compelled to try to fathom and comprehend the Nature of Existence and this Insanity of Man. The result of my Journey is this scientific treatise you now have before you, the scientific discovery of a 4th spatial dimension that is going to change forever our collective human understanding about the Origin and Evolution of the Universe.

 An overall frame of reference and use of words that are not innately controversial are useful when formulating a theory that redefines the nature of the Cosmos and Universe as a whole. Carefully defined, the terms—Existence, Experience, Knowledge—serve this intention well. By agreeing upon definitions, for the purpose of having a rational frame of reference that encompasses the Nature of Existence and our Experience and Knowledge of Existence, these three neutral terms can impartially include all that exists in the Cosmos, all that has ever been experienced by human beings, and all that has ever been known about the Cosmos and Universe. By using these neutral terms as an all-encompassing frame of reference, the Cosmos and Universe as it actually is can be subjected in whole and in part without restriction to scientific inquiry and the scientific method for discovery and clarification.

Knowledge derives from Experience, and Experience derives from Existence. Keeping in mind that we human beings, including each of our sense organs and all of our faculties, have evolved out of the Earth and Cosmos, our only means of knowing Existence is through our sense-based Experience and intellect-based Knowledge. In other words, Existence is approachable and knowable only through Experience and Knowledge. As used in this treatise, Existence is what is, including all and everything, such that Existence is reality. Experience is our direct apperception of Existence through the senses. Knowledge is our mental grasp, cognizant awareness, intellectual comprehension and understanding of the Nature of Existence, as reflected in the assemblage of recorded information throughout human history.

Knowledge begins with Experience, and the validity of Knowledge is tested by Experience. Fundamentally, that is the essence of the scientific method: First there is experience and observation of phenomena, then formulation of a hypothesis concerning the phenomena, then investigation to demonstrate the accuracy or inaccuracy of the hypothesis, leading to conclusions that validate or modify the hypothesis to accord with the data of experience. When Knowledge and Experience fuse with mutually confirming consistency, Experience becomes comprehensible and Knowledge becomes enduringly reliable. However, there are significant areas wherein human Knowledge and Experience are not in accord, where Experience contradicts Knowledge and Knowledge contradicts Experience. And there are immense reaches of human Experience that remain yet to be formulated into comprehensible scientific Knowledge.

As a result of my observations and experience, I have come to realize there is overwhelming evidence for the existence of a 4th spatial dimension everywhere in the universe, evidence that is found in both the Macrocosm of Universe and Microcosm of Man. So much so that I am now aware of the 4 spatial dimensional nature of the universe everywhere I look.

 There is a whole universe under the microscope. Looking inward through the microscope, which is where my eyes went everyday as a hematologist for years, I realized that the structure of the human body is layered into 3-dimensional Planes of Magnitude on an inside-outside axis that extends as a continuum all the way from the macroscopic magnitude of what we see with our physical eyes to interatomic space and beyond, which means there is a 4th spatial dimension of depth within the human body. By magnifying the power of our organic physical vision with the microscope and instruments of scientific vision, we are able to cone down within the human body through 3-dimensional Planes of Magnitude that extend sequentially inward from the sight of a human being on the terrestrial surface of Planet Earth to biopsy in hand to microscopic magnitudes of tissue structure to cells to subcellular organelles to molecules to atoms to subatomic particles. This Cone of Vision corresponds directly to an in situ Cone of Magnitudes within the human body that extends from the surface of Macroscopic Earth at base to Atom at apex. Each cross-section within the Cone of Magnitudes is composed of a wholly different 3-dimensional Plane of Magnitude, and each 3-dimensional Plane of Magnitude is precisely structurally aligned on an inside-outside axis of depth that is a definable spatial dimension. From circumference to circumference, from Planet Earth to Cell to Atom to intranuclear Particle, the alignment of these 3-dimensional Planes of Magnitude geometrically defines an inside-outside axis that is a 4th spatial dimension. As I will show with unmistakable clarity in this treatise, aligning these 3-dimensional magnitudes of space and structure in relationship to the space and structure of the surrounding universe demonstrates that there is a 4th spatial dimension of depth throughout the physical universe.

Within the Earth-to-Atom Cone of Magnitudes visible through the microscope, a spiral circumscribing the cone mathematically defines space in both 3- and 4-spatial dimensions, with each point in the spiral corresponding to a cross-section that is a physical 3-dimensional Plane of Magnitude aligned on an inside-outside axis that is geometrically a 4th spatial dimension. This Spiral of Magnitudes thereby defines a 3-dimensional space-space continuum that encompasses all magnitudes of space and mass within the physically defined Cone of Magnitudes, an in situ Spiral of Magnitudes composed of macroscopic, microscopic and subvisible atomic Planes of Magnitude geometrically and mathematically framed in simultaneous time in 4 spatial dimensions. Each point in the spiral corresponds to an actual 3-dimensional Plane of Magnitude within the Cone of Magnitudes. Each 3-dimensional Plane of Magnitude is physically aligned on the inside-outside axis of a 4th spatial dimension. Each of these 3-dimensional Planes of Magnitude extends not only throughout the physical body from which the Cone of Magnitudes was sliced but also extends throughout the whole of Planet Earth, including the corresponding macroscopic, microscopic and atomic-molecular Layers of Magnitude within the food we eat, water we drink, air we breathe, by which our human body grows from a single cell into the organic substance and cellular composition of what we presently are. And, as you know, when we are blasted to bits by the next ingenious concoction of war created by the twist and warp of words that makes everybody mindlessly blind, our bodies become dedifferentiated into the Earth again.

As we stand on the Earth looking up at the Stars, we see a universe composed of entirely different magnitudes. With our unaided eye, we see Constellations of Stars surrounding Planet Earth. When we look through the Hubble Space Telescope, we see Galaxies surrounding Planet Earth. This Cone of Vision corresponds directly to an in situ Cone of Magnitudes within the surrounding Cosmosphere that extends from Planet Earth at apex to surrounding Stars to surrounding Galaxies to surrounding Large-Scale Intergalactic Structure of Universe at base. From circumference to circumference, from Planet Earth to Galaxy to encompassing Intergalactic Structure of Universe, the alignment of these 3-dimensional Planes of Magnitude geometrically defines an inside-outside axis that is a 4th spatial dimension. Within the Cosmosphere-to-Earth Cone of Magnitudes visible through the telescope, a spiral circumscribing the cone also mathematically defines space in both 3- and 4-spatial dimensions, with each point in the spiral corresponding to a cross-section that is a physical 3-dimensional Plane of Magnitude aligned on an axis that is geometrically a 4th spatial dimension.  

 From our Locus of Vision on the surface of Planet Earth, looking inward through the microscope, looking upward toward the stars, looking outward through the telescope at the surrounding galaxies and large-scale structure of the universe, our Cones of Vision encompass all magnitudes of space and structure in the universe that are within the present range and reach of scientific experience. By aligning the telescopic, macroscopic and microscopic Cones of Vision into a single mathematical Cone of Magnitudes, the 4 dimensional structure of the universe becomes evident. By integrating these Cones of Vision into a single Cone of Magnitudes, it is possible to geometrically and mathematically frame the full breadth and depth of the surrounding visible Cosmosphere in 4 spatial dimensions. 

Looking outward through the telescope is the same as looking inward through the microscope, except our Locus of Vision is looking in the opposite direction at the structure of the universe. Aligning and integrating microscopic, macroscopic and telescopic Cones of Vision into a mathematical Cone of Magnitudes defines a Spectrum of Magnitudes that extends contiguously on an inside-outside axis from surrounding Large-Scale Structure of Universe to Milky Way Galaxy to Stars to Planet Earth to Human Being to Cell to Molecular Structure to Atoms to Particles. As each Galaxy is composed of Stars that are composed of Atoms that are composed of Particles, each of these 3-dimensional Planes of Magnitude are physically arranged inside each other on an inside-outside axis, which geometrically defines a 4th spatial dimension. Each spinning Magnitude of Mass (Galaxy, Star, Atom, Particle) is a physical constant that defines Points of Magnitude in Space. It thereby becomes possible to precisely define and standardize Points of Magnitude (Galaxy, Star, Atom, Particle) in the Spectrum of Magnitudes by which the 4th spatial dimension can be both conceptually realized and mathematically defined. The structure of the entire physical universe consists of Galaxies, Stars, Atoms and Particles that define 3-dimensional Planes of Magnitude that are intrinsically arranged on an inside-outside axis that is a 4th spatial dimension. Each of these Points of Magnitude is a mathematical means by which to define and demarcate their respective magnitudes of 3-dimensional space. After defining the 4th spatial dimension in terms of these physical constants that are mathematical Points of Magnitude (Galaxy, Star, Atom, Particle) in Space, I geometrically modeled the visible Cosmosphere surrounding Earth at all levels of magnitude in 4 spatial dimensions.

Looking outward through the telescope and inward through the microscope are the means by which we discover and explore the universe around and within us, but scientific comprehension of what we see from our Locus of Vision on the Surface of Earth looking inward toward Cells and Atoms and outward toward Stars and Galaxies involves a different process of analysis and integration to fathom and understand the Parts in relationship to the Whole. When we look inward, we see a Whole that we must disassemble into its Parts. When we look outward, we see Parts in Space that we must accurately assemble into the Whole. In order to understand the geophysical structure of Planet Earth and organic structure of the Microcosm of Man, scientists disassemble the Whole into its Parts to determine what it is made of and how it works. As we are able to see the Whole, we are able to remain structurally oriented as we dissect our way inward from macroscopic to microscopic to subvisible magnitudes of molecules, atoms and particles in space. When we look outward at the Cosmosphere surrounding Earth, however, the Whole is already disassembled into Parts (planet, moon, sun, stars, galaxies, quasars, cosmic plasma jets, massive radio clouds of hydrogen, giant sheets and walls of intergalactic structure) and we must assemble all the Parts into the Whole before we can accurately understand how the Universe was structurally formed and how it all fits together. The problem is we are embedded within an enormous Cosmos the edges of which we cannot see in any direction, so we are not able to physically see the entirety of the Whole. As an analogy, on another octave of magnitude, it is like we are an Atom on the surface of a Cell inside the Human Body, looking outward toward interatomic and intermolecular space and trying to figure out where the Edge of Universe is and how it all fits together. All the Atom is able to “see” is its own intra-atomic and surrounding interatomic environment. All we are able to see with certainty from Planet Earth is what our human eyes and power of telescopic and microscopic scientific vision can show us: the visible Cosmosphere surrounding Earth. Herein embedded within the surrounding Cosmos, until we are able to accurately assemble the Universe into a physically defined Whole that contains all its Parts as a unified system that can be explored and tested by the scientific method, we will never solve the riddle of the Origin and Evolution of the Universe.

By mathematically modeling the physical Cosmosphere surrounding Earth into a 4-dimensional composite Sphere of Magnitudes composed of Galaxies, Stars, Atoms and Particles, we can look at the visible Cosmosphere from the outside as a Whole in an entirely new way. The visible Cosmosphere surrounding Earth consists of a physically integrated Spectrum of Magnitudes that extends contiguously in space from Galaxies to Stars to Atoms to Particles, thereby encompassing and traversing all known magnitudes of mass and structure in the universe as a unified geometrical system. Radius of Cosmosphere (R) defined by physical Points and Planes of Magnitude defines the Spectrum of Magnitudes on the axis of the 4th spatial dimension. Composite Sphere and Cone of Magnitudes geometrically defines the physical Cosmosphere surrounding Earth in both 3- and 4-spatial dimensions. Radius of Cosmosphere (Inside-Outside Axis of 4th Spatial Dimension) thereby aligns and integrates all magnitudes of space and mass within the surrounding physical Cosmosphere in 4 spatial dimensions as an integrated geometrical system by which we can be precisely oriented in space at all levels of magnitude. By modeling the physical Cosmosphere surrounding Earth as a composite Sphere of Magnitudes in 4 spatial dimensions, “outer” space and “inner” space are aligned on the axis of the 4th spatial dimension relative to the Cosmosphere as a Whole. This alignment makes it possible to view the full depth of the physical Cosmosphere surrounding Earth from the outside as a physically defined Whole. With Cosmosphere in Hand mathematically defined by coordinates in 4 spatial dimensions, just as explorers of old with Planet Earth in Hand defined by coordinates were able to circumnavigate the oceans of the globe and map the topography of the planet in all its detail, we can explore and define the Cosmosphere as a Whole and Layer-By-Layer throughout all Planes of Magnitude in a visual way that corresponds directly with our dimensional experience on Planet Earth.

 After I realized that the macrostructure and microstructure of the universe form a mathematical Spectrum of Magnitudes composed of 3-dimensional Planes of Magnitudes that are structurally arranged and aligned inside each other on the inside-outside axis of a 4th spatial dimension, I looked at Dr. Einstein’s Space-Time Model of Universe with new eyes. And I realized that the 4th dimensional Radius of Universe (R) that forms the Space Side of Dr. Einstein’s Space-Time Model corresponds to the Spectrum of Magnitudes in the 4th spatial dimension, herein defined. And I realized that the 4th dimensional Radius of Universe that Dr. Einstein defined, which he thought was a mathematical artifice of a 4th spatial dimension that doesn’t actually exist in the real world but was needed in order to make his mathematical formulation work, is the very same 4th spatial dimension that I have come to know for a fact does exist in the real world.

I therefore partitioned the Space Side of Dr. Einstein’s Space-Time Model into a Spiral of Magnitudes that mathematically encompasses the full depth of the universe defined by the 4th dimensional Radius of Universe in his original model, which mathematically defines Space within the Spectrum of Magnitudes as a 3-dimensional spatial continuum on the inside-outside axis of the 4th spatial dimension (4th Dimensional Radius of Universe). The Spiral of Magnitudes in the 4th spatial dimension forms a 3-dimensional Space-Space Continuum that is at right angles to the Space-Time Continuum in his original model. This Spiral of Magnitudes in the 4th spatial dimension geometrically traverses all regions of space and mass/energy magnitude that can possibly exist in the universe, including the spatial regions and magnitudes encompassed by the Theory of Relativity and Quantum Theory and Superstring Theory, because the Spiral of the 4th Spatial Dimension interconnects the respective magnitudes of these theories in one single line and plane of spatial continuum.  

Reflecting upon this, I realized that Time in Dr. Einstein’s original Space-Time Model is a subset variable of Space and Mass/Energy contents within Space, because Time (days, months, light-years) is a measure of motion and movement of Mass and Energy in Space, such that Space can exist without Time but Time cannot exist without Space. As the outer circumference of the Space Side of the Space-Time Model corresponds to the composite 3-dimensional Universe in simultaneous present Time, I arrayed the inside-outside compositional structure of the Universe as a Spectrum of Magnitudes on the 4th Dimensional Radius of Universe so that the component magnitudes of spinning mass (Particles, Atoms, Stars, Galaxies) that constitute the structure of the universe in simultaneous Time are aligned according to magnitude on the inside-outside axis of this 4th spatial dimension. This layering of the universe into its compositional structure on an inside-outside axis not only corresponds to the 4th dimensional Radius of Universe geometrically but also to the actual internal physical structure of the universe at all magnitudes. Using the intersection of defined Points of Magnitude on the Radius of Universe with the Spiral of the 4th Spatial Dimension, I then formulated the Spectrum of Magnitudes in geometrical terms as a mathematical continuum based on physical constants that define and constitute the structure of the universe, as I will forthwith describe and define in geometrical terms in the chapter entitled: The Spectrum of Magnitudes.

From the moment I realized that this 4th spatial dimension of depth is mathematically and scientifically definable on a universal scale, the step-by-step process of defining the 4 spatial dimensional structure of the universe began to unfold upon the pages of this treatise. Recognizing that the universe is layered into structure from Particles to Atoms to Stars to Galaxies on an inside-outside axis that constitutes a 4th spatial dimension, I set upon the task of reformulating the original Big Bang Theory within the context of a Cosmos that by its very nature consists of Space, one contiguous space of infinite extent that always was and always will be existent. As the original theory began magically without definable cause in a one-sided equation expanding out of a hypothetical supermassive density, I formulated an ongoing Big-Bang Theory based on the Big-Bang being a threshold point in a Gravity Implosion—Energy Explosion process that has two sides to the equation of universe evolution: a Pre-Bang Universe and Post-Bang Universe.  

Mainstream Sequence of Galaxy Evolution

 When Albert Einstein published his general theory of relativity in 1916, the universe only consisted of the visible surrounding stars within our galaxy and a few poorly understood nebulae. It wasn’t until 1923 that nebulae were finally recognized by Edwin Hubble to be galaxies. At the turn of the century, there are 100 billion galaxies visible through the Hubble and Chandra telescopes, each of which contain hundreds of millions of stars. Hydrogen accounts for over 70% of the atomic composition of the visible universe. According to the original Big Bang Theory, all of the hydrogen in the universe was created within minutes by the Big Bang. As the universe has grown geometrically in visible size from one lonely little galaxy to 100 billion galaxies in the last hundred years, it seems unreasonably magical to assume that all the hydrogen in these 100 billion galaxies was physically formed within minutes by a Big Bang that occurred one time in Cosmos history 10 to 20 billion years ago.

The framing of our sight by assumption and belief has a powerful determining effect upon what we see, and what we do not see. Hence the entire scientific world assumes for a fact that all of the hydrogen in the universe was formed fait accompli 10 to 20 billion years ago by the single Big Bang, long before the galaxies began to form. On the blind side of this assumption, however, nobody even considers that the Cosmic Plasma Jets exploding out of Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs), which are the most powerful explosions in the universe occurring in the most extreme supermassive densities in the universe, may be the Big-Bang process of hydrogen production exploding into evidence right in front of our eyes!

If the Big-Bang fusion of quark-gluon plasma into hydrogen is modeled in a manner similar to stellar evolution, then there is a physical prototype for defining the cause as well as result of the “Big Bang”. Stars are formed by gravitational collapse within a hydrogen nebula until the pre-stellar gravitational density reaches the threshold of thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium, by which the stable equilibrium of a burning star is born. When this process begins within the nebula, stellar jets are seen exploding outward on the star’s axis of spin until the nebula is burned away. Theoretically, the supermassive density that gave rise to the Big Bang could have been formed by gravitational collapse of pre- and non-atomic particles of dark matter within a Pre-Bang Universe, analogous to the gravitational collapse of a hydrogen nebula that gives rise to the thermonuclear birth of a star. The physical nature of the Big Bang then becomes definable as a threshold point in a particle-fusion process (quark-gluon fusion into hydrogen), rather than an abstract beginning of Space and Time within a supermassive density of magical magnitude that had no definable cause, because the laws of physics (and physical reality) no longer apply before the point of singularity beginning of Space and Time.

I therefore formulated a theory for the ongoing nucleosynthesis of hydrogen based on an Ongoing Big-Bang process that is physically taking place within a finite (rather than infinite) supermassive gravitational density (“supermassive black hole”) that corresponds with what we see in evidence in the surrounding universe. In this Gravity Implosion—Energy Explosion Model, the Big-Bang is an ongoing particle-fusion process within a stable supermassive gravitational density, rather than an abrupt explosion that gave rise to all the hydrogen in the universe within a few moments of Cosmos history. If the Big-Bang is defined as a physical threshold point in a particle-fusion process that fuses quark-gluon plasma into the atomic nucleus of hydrogen within a supermassive density that actually exists in the universe, the most likely candidate for this ongoing “Big-Bang” would be the Quasar. The greatest known supermassive gravitational density in the universe is the Quasar. The greatest known explosive process in the universe is also happening in the Quasar. Cosmic Plasma Jets are exploding out of quasars and active galactic nuclei throughout all regions of space-time in the surrounding universe. When I applied this new paradigm of possibility to the quasar and full range of visible galaxy forms in the surrounding universe, the pieces of this puzzle kept falling into place so consistently that I realized that I had discovered the decipherment of galaxy evolution: the key that unfolds the entire mainstream sequence of galaxy evolution! 

Galaxy birth, growth and evolution is the result of Ongoing Big-Bang nucleosynthesis of Hydrogen within the Quasar at galaxy center. The Quasar produces Hydrogen. Hydrogen forms the Stars. The Stars through nuclear fusion form the rest of the periodic table of atoms. Atomic-Molecular interaction and amassment form clearly visible magnitudes of intragalactic dust that morphologically transforms the shape of the evolving galaxy. 

 I discovered that the evolution of the galaxy can be followed as it unfolds step-by-step by following the outward movement of hydrogen as plasma jets from the quasar and its “supermassive black hole” at galaxy center (Ongoing “Big-Bang” synthesis of Hydrogen), then following the regional distribution of Hydrogen in plasma, ionic (H⁺), atomic (H⁰) and molecular (H₂) form within the pre-stellar space of the Radio Galaxy (Hydrogen Evolution), then following the gradual thermonuclear birth of the stars as they gather in clusters in increasing numbers whereby irregular Blue Dwarf Galaxies are optically born and grow in size into homogeneous Elliptical Galaxies (Stellar Evolution), then following the formation and centrifugal distribution of intragalactic atomic-molecular dust that transforms the galaxy from Elliptical to Spiral morphology (Atomic-Molecular Evolution).

 As introduction to what is going to unfold in theory and in evidence within this treatise, I will briefly summarize the mainstream sequence of galaxy evolution.

The birth, growth and evolution of the galaxy, and its morphological metamorphosis from quasar to radio galaxy to elliptical galaxy to spiral galaxy, occurs as an uninterrupted continuum. The myriad of quasars and galaxy forms we see in intergalactic space are snapshots of this continuous process of galaxy formation and evolution. By precisely aligning the stages of this process, I have been able to unveil and define the entire process of galaxy growth and evolution.

Analogous to thermonuclear ignition of hydrogen nuclear fusion into helium within a Star, Big-Bang ignition of hydrogen nucleosynthesis from quark-gluon plasma ignites the visible appearance of the Quasar (QSO, quasi-stellar object), the most brilliant stable burning orb in the universe. Ongoing Big-Bang baryonogenesis within the quasar produces the formation of the radio jets characteristic of each radio quasar (Radio-Weak and Radio-Loud Quasars). Hydrogen is continuously jettisoned and floods into surrounding space from the Ongoing Big-Bang process. The expanding hydrogen atmosphere flooding into space from the jets regionally evolves from plasma to ionic (H⁺) to atomic (H⁰) to molecular (H₂) hydrogen nebular form in the cooler regions surrounding the quasar at galaxy center, producing the optically quiet pre-stellar radio-loud galaxy (Radio Galaxy). Optical appearance of starburst activity begins at galaxy center and in the hydrogen rich atmospheres streaming into orbit from the plumes of plasma jets that extend thousands of light-years into space, giving optical birth to the irregular, blue dwarf galaxy (Irregular Blue Galaxy). Globular clusters of first generation stars (Metal-Poor Population II Stars) continuously form in the dense hydrogen atmosphere and spread into orbit around gravity-center main, and the galaxy gradually transforms from irregular blue optical appearance into a homogeneous galaxy filled with globular clusters of stars (Elliptical Galaxy). Continuous in-flooding of hydrogen from the ongoing Big-Bang process and its visible jets causes the elliptical galaxy to grow in size from small elliptical (E1) to medium elliptical (E3) to large elliptical galaxy (E7). Stellar evolution within the enlarging elliptical galaxy causes its characteristic transformation from young blue star composition to old red star content as the galaxy grows in size and age. Active galactic nucleus stage of galaxy evolution begins with the appearance of massive star birth growth and evolution occurring in the vigorous central region around the quasar (AGN, Active Galactic Nucleus). Stellar evolution and supernova explosions within the active galactic nucleus  region of the galaxy result in the sequential nuclear fusion of atoms of higher atomic weight and their regional distribution within galaxy space. As the generations of metal-poor Population II stars pass through their lifecycle from Hertzsprung-Russell mainstream sequence stars to hydrogen-core depleted red giants to supernova explosions, and as the interstellar space within the galaxy becomes increasingly filled with the atomic products of thermonuclear fusion, interstellar dust begins to form in the center of the galaxy that contains atoms of higher atomic mass, and metal-rich stars (Population I Stars) begin to be formed in the resulting metal-rich clouds of dust. This ongoing sequence accounts for why the central bulge of galaxies at maturity contain both Population I and Population II stars. The metal-poor Population II stars are continuously produced from the ongoing Big-Bang production of hydrogen and metal-rich Population I stars are continuously produced by stellar evolution, and this entire process and sequence of atomic and stellar co-evolution is occurring within the space of the galaxy. Vigorous AGN activity results in the production of immense amounts of intragalactic dust that accumulates in the  circumnuclear region of the galaxy. The increasing amounts of dust progressively masks the brightness of the quasar at galaxy center until it can no longer be directly seen at optical wavelengths, but the presence of the quasar’s enormous gravitational force (“Supermassive Black Hole”) remains evident and its explosive jets remain clearly visible throughout the elliptical stage of galaxy growth and evolution. As intragalactic atomic-molecular dust continues to form and accumulate within the active galactic nuclear region of the galaxy, visible rings of atomic-molecular dust appear and begin to spread centrifugally outward into a plane perpendicular to the galaxy’s axis of spin, which gradually transforms the shape of the galaxy from spherical (E0) to elliptical (E1–E7) to early spiral form (S0). Within the AGN region at galaxy center, the atoms assemble into molecules, the molecules amass into visible rings of intragalactic dust, and the growing amassment of visible galaxy dust accounts for the remolding of the shape of the galaxy. As atomic-molecular amassment of dust continues to accumulate, the visible rings of dust become denser and centrifugally spill outward into bars and growing spiral arms (Sa stage of spiral galaxy evolution). As the maturing spiral galaxy is in effect a centrifuge that concentrates the metal-rich atomic-molecular clouds of dust in the galactic plane, this accounts for why the disk of the spiral galaxy contains only metal-rich Population I stars. As the disk of the spiral galaxy grows in size, the recycling lifecycles of metal-poor Population II stars within the halo region gradually become incorporated into the growing spiral disk and the spiral bulge gradually decreases in size (Sb and Sc stages of spiral galaxy evolution). The bulge and halo of globular clusters of stars in every spiral galaxy are the remnant of the elliptical galaxy that gradually reformed into the spiral disk, which accounts for why the globular clusters of stars in the halo of spiral galaxies are composed of metal-poor Population II stars.

Through the insights and evidence contained within this treatise, I have clearly demonstrated that the mainstream sequence of galaxy evolution herein defined is exactly how the physical universe has evolved into its visibly evident appearance and form. The galaxies did not ripple apart from a soup of cosmic substance that exploded magically into existence from a single Big Bang that created “Space” and “Time” and all the Hydrogen in the 100 billion galaxies in the visible universe by means of a single awesome moment of creative magic. Hydrogen, like helium and all the other atoms that form the atomic-molecular substance of the universe, was gradually fused into atomic existence over time. And this process of hydrogen creation is exploding into physical evidence right in front of our eyes!

Where did the supermassive density that gave rise to the Big Bang beginning of hydrogen come from?

Within this treatise, for the first time in the history of science, the Pre-Bang Universe of Energy and Particles is going to open its gates to scientific exploration and discovery, and therein offer a rational approach for understanding the mystery of creation. 

From Origin and Evolution of the Universe, a Unified Scientific Theory by Paul Hollister, M.D. Copyright 2004

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