A Cone is a sector of a Sphere. If the Radius of the Cone and Sphere correspond to the Inside-Outside Axis of the 4^th Spatial Dimension, the base and cross-sections of the Cone and circumference of each Sphere within surrounding Spheres of Magnitude correspond to 3-dimensional Planes of Magnitude. All of these physical Planes of Magnitude can be mathematically plotted on radial axes of the 4^th spatial dimension from the geometrical center of planet Earth in a four-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system.  

The Spheres of Magnitude and Cones of Vision above corresponds to 3-dimensional Spheres and Planes of Universe we actually see and have scientifically measured from the surface of Macroscopic Earth. The Visible Stars above our head and the Macroscopic Earth under our feet comprise a Cone of Vision we can see with our unaided eye. When we enhance the power of our organic physical vision with the aid of our telescopes, we are able to adjust our 2-dimensional focal Plane of Vision in an outward direction just as we adjusted our 2-dimensional focal Plane of Vision inward with the lenses and focal capacity of our microscopes. Each 2-dimensional Plane of Vision in either direction corresponds to a 3-dimensional Magnitude of Space and Mass, which collectively integrate into a 4-spatial dimensional Cone of Magnitudes.

With our unaided human physical vision, looking up, down and all around from a locus point on the surface of Earth, we have a macroscopic Cone of Vision that extends from the visible stars at night (250 light-years above our head) to the surface of macroscopic Earth. With the microscope and other scientific instruments, we have a Cone of Vision that extends from the surface of macroscopic planet Earth inward to and beyond the atomic nucleus of hydrogen, the smallest atom in the universe. With the telescope, we have a Cone of Vision that extends from our macroscopic locus on the surface of planet Earth to the largest known scale of structure in the universe, the nearly homogeneous supercluster structure of galaxies (visible 1 to 10 billion light-years from Earth). We can combine these three cones of vision—microscopic, macroscopic, telescopic—into a single Cone of Vision that extends from the largest known scale of structure in the universe to and beyond the nucleus of the smallest atom hydrogen, which corresponds to a single Cone of Magnitudes that spans all Magnitudes of Structure, Mass and Force in the Physical Universe. Keeping in mind that Magnification is a function of Vision and Magnitude is a function of Existence, this Cone of Vision corresponds directly to a Cone of Magnitudes plotted on a 4^th spatial dimensional Radius of Universe from the geometrical center of planet Earth. This Cosmosphere and its sectors constitute a Representative Homogeneous Sample of Physical Universe

From our Locus of Vision on the surface of Earth, looking outward and inward on the radial axis of this 4^th spatial dimension, each focal Plane of Vision (Focus of Vision) reveals a 3-dimensional Plane of Magnitude (Object of Vision) within a mathematical Cone of Magnitudes that corresponds directly to the physical universe we see, experience and know through our organic eyes and scientific instruments. This Sphere of Universe plotted on a 4^th spatial dimensional Radius from the geometrical center of Planet Earth is no different in geometrical terms than the 20^th century topographies in which the total Physical Universe is represented as a 3-dimensional Surface of Sphere around a 4^th spatial dimensional Radius, except the 4^th spatial dimensional Radius of this Representative Sample of Physical Universe correspond to 3-dimensional magnitudes of universe space and structure we can actually see and measure. We are no longer looking at a circumferential sheet of abstract topography in a theoretical universe that is beyond the power of physical science to see, measure and test. We are looking at a 4-dimensional geometrical formulation of clearly defined magnitudes of visible physical universe structure that are scientifically known to exist.

Galaxies are arranged in groups, clusters, chains of clusters and superclusters that appear to form an even larger kind of structure because the superclusters are arranged in large planes, sheets and curves like giant walls around immense voids of space. Astronomers have called this the Large Scale Structure of the Universe. Galaxy Groups, of which the Local Group that contains the Milky Way Galaxy is an example, consist of a compact group of 10 to 50 galaxies spanning an area 5 million light-years wide. Irregular Clusters, of which the Virgo Cluster that contains M87 and our Local Group is an example, are composed of loosely structured assemblages of 1000 or more elliptical and spiral galaxies spanning an area between 10 to 50 million light-years in diameter. Spherical Clusters are enormous and contain as many as 10,000 elliptical and S0 galaxies that are densely concentrated toward cluster center and have a diameter up to 50 million light-years. Clusters are associated with other clusters forming giant superclusters. Superclusters consist of 3 to 10 clusters and span as many as 200 million light-years. When we look through the telescope at this Large Scale Structure of the Universe anywhere from 1 to 10 billion light-years away, the structure looks like a honeycomb network of galaxy superclusters around large voids of empty space, like a sheet of bubbles filled with voids of space. This large scale structure has been described by astronomers as resembling soap bubbles with galaxies residing on the surface of the bubbles.

Each Sphere of Magnitude in the Representative Sample of Physical Universe above corresponds to 3-dimensional Planes of Magnitude that the eyes of science can actually see. As we look outward on the axis of the 4^th spatial dimensional Radius from the geometrical center of Earth and focus on each 3-dimensional Plane of Magnitude (250 light-years, 50 million, 100 million, 1 billion and 10 billion light-years from Earth), we see increasing Layers of Magnitude in every direction from the surface of Macroscopic Earth. With our unaided eye, we see tiny stars in the sky 250 light-years away, which is the limit of our unaided organic physical vision. With a telescope, at 50 million light-years we can see whole galaxies. At 100 million light-years, we can see clusters of galaxies. At 1 billion light-years and beyond, we can see how the large scale structure of the universe is formed by superclusters of galaxies arranged around giant voids of space.

Magnification, as a function of vision, is a stepwise 3-dimensional view of the 4 spatial dimensions of the universe. Within the Cone of Vision, from Locus of Vision on the surface of Macroscopic Planet Earth, our focal Plane of Vision (Focus of Vision) is seeing larger and larger 3-dimensional Planes of Magnitude (Objects of Vision) as we look outward on the radial axis of the 4^th spatial dimension. A Cone is a sector of a Sphere. Just as the constellations of stars have been mapped as Points of Magnitude in a circumferential Sphere of Space surrounding Planet Earth, each of the 3-dimensional Planes of Magnitude within our telescopic Cone of Vision likewise forms a circumferential Sphere of Magnitude surrounding Earth. Each of these circumferential Spheres of Magnitude (Planes of Magnitude containing Stars, Galaxies, Clusters of Galaxies, Superclusters of Galaxies and the Large Scale Structure of the Universe) appears to form a visible 3-dimensional circumferential sphere-layer surrounding Earth, because when we look outward from Earth through the telescope, our Line of Vision (Axis of Vision) passes through each of these magnitudes of space and structure all the way from stars to galaxies to the large scale supercluster structure of the universe. Close to the Earth, we see the component structure of the universe (Component Spheres of Magnitude) on a small celestial scale: Stars 250 light-years away, Galaxies 50 million light-years away, Clusters 100 million light-years away. Far from Earth, we see the composite structure of the universe (Composite Spheres of Magnitude) as Planes of Magnitude in our Cone of Vision, because the Large Scale Structure of the Universe is visible as close as 1 billion light-years and as far as 10 billion light-years from Earth. The appearance of this supercluster structure, which is the largest known scale of structure in the universe, is clearer in detail close to Earth and appears smaller grained and more homogeneous further in the distance. Closer, at 1 billion light-years, we see walls, sheets and planes of superclusters adjacent to and circumferentially surrounding giant voids of space. Farther, at 10 billion light-years, we see the nearly homogeneous nature of this Large Scale Structure of the Universe.

The composition and structure of the universe is nearly homogeneous throughout all magnitudes. The large scale structure of the universe is made of galaxies. All the stars in the galaxies are made from atoms, from the same periodic table of atoms. All atoms in the universe are precisely made from the same kinds of subatomic particles. If the physical universe is homogeneous, then a properly selected representative sample that contains all magnitudes of its substance and structure and form is a reliable scientific means by which to analyze the nature of the whole. As spiral galaxies are the most highly evolved galaxies in the universe, and as the Milky Way Galaxy is a highly evolved spiral galaxy containing the entire line of atomic and stellar evolution, and as Planet Earth is the most highly evolved planet we know of, and as human beings are the most highly evolved creatures we know of in the atomic-molecular Post-Bang Physical Universe, Planet Earth within the Milky Way Galaxy is representative of the furthest Edge of Physical Universe evolution in the Cosmos. Although the Earth is not the geometrical Center of the Universe, Planet Earth is our physical Center of Vision in the Universe and, as we don’t have any scientific evidence of extraterrestrial life as yet, the Earth is representative of the most evolved locus of evolution in the entire Physical Universe. Hence, as the geometrical center of this Representative Homogeneous Sample of Physical Universe, the Earth and its Microcosm of Man are representative of the furthest Edge of Physical Universe Evolution.

Origin and Evolution of the Universe, a Unified Scientific Theory by Paul Hollister, M.D. Copyright 2004

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