In order to have a theoretical framework that is large enough to encompass the structure of the entire universe, including all magnitudes from galaxies to stars to atoms to particles, our views must be vast. Yet we can always remain oriented within the Space of Existence if we carefully define our Locus and Focus of Vision as well as the Object of Vision we are framing into view. The Spectrum of Magnitudes that I am about to describe and define is based upon a realization that the structure of the universe is composed everywhere of 4 spatial dimensions. Evidence for the existence of the 4^th spatial dimension is derived from two perspectives: the Macrocosmic perspective of scientific Knowledge and Microcosmic perspective of human Experience. The Macrocosmic perspective is the appearance of the Cosmos and Universe as viewed from multiple locations within multiple regions of space, including intergalactic, interstellar, interatomic and subatomic regions of space. The Microcosmic perspective is the appearance of the Cosmos and Universe as viewed experientially from within the human body. The Macrocosmic perspective is made possible by the instruments and modalities of sense perception that render the galaxies, stars, atoms and particles scientifically visible: the telescope, microscope and other instruments of focal capacity. The Microcosmic perspective is made possible by the two systems of vision that exist within human beings: physical vision and consciousness vision. In the Spectrum of Magnitudes, which encompasses both the Pre-Bang Universe and Post-Bang Universe in a unified theory of evolution, there is but one Cosmos within which all and everything exists, so these two perspectives are simply viewing the same Cosmos by various visual methods and means from different locations in universal space.

What unifies all the universes within the Cosmos is the existence of one contiguous space of infinite extent; such that within the Macrocosm of Universe, this contiguous space extends without interruption from the Galaxies to Stars to Atoms to Particles and everywhere in and between. And within the space of this Macrocosm of Universe exists the Microcosm of Man, and within the physical body of man exists this space. So the Cosmos and universe and human beings are all contained within and all filled with one contiguous space of infinite extent. And as I will describe, the existence of 3-dimensional universes within universes of different mass magnitudes simultaneously occupying the same space on an inside-outside axis at the same time is evidence of a 4^th spatial dimension.

On the Macrocosmic scale, the reason we are able to remain oriented in all this space that extends from the magnitude of galaxies to the magnitude of atoms and particles is because we know the range and limits of our instruments of vision, and thereby know the axis of our vision and the focal sphere and planes of space we are looking into. In simplest terms, from the macroscopic ocular magnitude of our location in the Cosmos, that is from the sockets of our physical eyes on Planet Earth, we always know the axis of our line of sight. We always know whether we are looking right or left or up or down or forward or backward or outward through a telescope or inward through a microscope. And we know the magnitude of the focal sphere we are looking at because we know the focal range of our physical vision and the focal distance and focal capacity of each of our instruments of scientific vision: Hubble telescope, Galileo telescope, macroscopic ocular vision, microscope, electron microscope, and instruments that render the molecules, atoms and subatomic particles scientifically visible.

So from the Macrocosmic perspective, our locus of vision (organ of vision) is always located within a definable region of space; and our focus of vision is always looking into a definable 3-dimensional focal plane of space (focal space); and within the relative magnitude of whatever space we are looking at, objects exist (object of vision). With the Hubble telescope, the locus of vision is in intergalactic space; the focal space is the Hubble’s 3-dimensional deep field of view measured in light-years; the objects of vision are the Galaxies. With the Galileo telescope, the locus of vision is on the surface of planet Earth; the focal space is the 3-dimensional space encompassed by its 20x power of magnification; the objects of vision are the solar system and surrounding Stars. With the macroscopic vision of the human physical eye, the locus of vision is the human eye socket; the focal space is the 3-dimensional space in view; the objects of vision are that which everybody is familiar with during the waking hours of daily life. With the light microscope, an example of the locus of vision is inside a drop of human blood; the focal space is the 3-dimensional layer of the blood smear in view, which is measured in microns; the objects of vision are the surfaces of the blood cells, which are macroscopically invisible. With the transmission electron microscope (TEM), the locus of vision is inside the microcosm of a single Cell; the focal space is the 3-dimensional EM section of the cell; the objects of vision are the subcellular organelles, such as the mitochondria, the lungs of the cell. With the scanning tunneling electron microscope (STM), the locus of vision is at the molecular surface of a subcellular organelle; the focal space is the 3-dimensional space of the molecular-lattice structure measured in angstroms, which this “molecule-scope” brings into view; the objects of vision are the surfaces of the atoms that form its molecular structure. With the “lepton microscope”, the locus of vision is inside the Atom at the level of the Standard Model of Fundamental Particles and Interactions; the focal space within the atom is the 3-dimensional space of the atomic nucleon; the objects of “vision” are the quarks and gluons (Scientific American, July 1999, Inside the Proton).

From outside inward, the LOCUS of our vision has just moved on the inside-outside axis of the 4^th spatial dimension! And from outside inward, at each LOCUS of magnitude within the physical universe, the FOCUS of our vision has been looking at 3-dimensional objects in 3-dimensional space. And at each LOCUS of magnitude on the axis of the 4^th spatial dimension, the LOCUS of vision can move anywhere in any direction in the physical universe and all that will be seen are objects of the same relative magnitude. So the LOCUS of vision is able to move in 4 spatial dimensions, but FOCUS of vision can only see 3 dimensions, can only see 3-dimensional objects of vision within each respective 3-dimensional magnitude of space.

The 4 dimensionality of the physical universe becomes evident by looking at the spatial expanse of the universe from each Locus of Magnitude. When looking from the locus of magnitude of intergalactic space, all that can be seen is 3-dimensional space filled with galaxies. And when looking from the locus of magnitude of interatomic space, all that can be seen is 3-dimensional space filled with atoms. And from the 3-dimensional confines of either locus of magnitude, that is from either the locus of galaxies or the locus of atoms out of which the galaxies are made, the other 3-dimensional magnitude of existence cannot be seen.

Why?

Because vision itself is a 3-dimensional phenomena! Consisting of a locus of vision and an illuminated or luminous object of vision, both of which exist within a 3-dimensional focal sphere of space.

So we cannot see galaxies with an electron microscope and cannot see atoms with the Hubble telescope. Now doesn’t that sound absurdly silly to say? Because it is so obvious? But there is more to visibility and constraints upon visibility than meets the eye, because vision is a 3-dimensional system in a 4-dimensional universe. Consequently, in order to visualize an object of existence, the LOCUS of vision must move to that 3-dimensional magnitude of space. This is the reason why it has been so difficult to see the 4^th spatial dimension of the universe, because we are habitually physically bound to experience the universe through our physical eyes, and the physical vision of our physical eyes is a 3-dimensional system, so we are habitually experiencing the universe in 3 spatial dimensions.

Human beings directly experience existence only through their sense organs, which defines the Microcosmic perspective. In our day-by-day experience of the physical universe, our physical eyes are locked in locus within one macroscopic magnitude of existence, so from the day we are born we are habitually experiencing the universe at this macroscopic magnitude of 3-dimensional existence. As a result, when we use instrumentation to extend the power of our vision, we don’t ordinarily think in terms of our locus of vision moving to different regions of spatial magnitude; instead, we think in terms of telescopic or microscopic magnification relative to the macroscopic location of our physical eyes on the surface of planet Earth. But magnification and magnitude are two entirely different parameters! Magnification is a function of Vision. Magnitude is a function of Existence.

To exemplify this distinction, let’s put the Microcosmic and Macrocosmic perspectives side by side to see how existence looks (Microcosmic perspective) versus how existence is (Macrocosmic perspective). If you ask a surgeon about the dimensionality of the human body, everything becomes simple and clear, and very macroscopic. The physical body has 3-spatial dimensions, and the surgeon can see, touch, cut and name everything inside it. And when he operates on the “inside-outside” axis of the physical body, which is where his eyes and scalpel go everyday, all he sees is organs and tissues and solidity. And as his scalpel cuts deeply through the tissues of the body, never-a-once does he see cells or molecules or atoms. All he ever sees is organs and tissues and vessels and blood. Yet, on the 4^th dimensional inside-outside axis of the physical body, as his scalpel cuts through the visible organ in hand, his scalpel is also cutting through layers of physical magnitude in the 4^th spatial dimension that cannot be seen by the human eye. As the scalpel cuts through the visible tissue, the scalpel cuts through 3-dimensional sheets and meshworks of invisible cells; the scalpel cuts through the walls of thousands of cells; the scalpel crushes through and between subcellular organelles; the scalpel breaks apart the bonds of massive molecular structures; the atomic edge of the scalpel spreads apart constellations of atoms in enormous regions of interatomic space—all in one slice!

If with our mind’s eye we stay at this interatomic level of magnitude between the atoms, at this interatomic LOCUS on the inside-outside axis of the 4^th spatial dimension, we can move in any direction anywhere in the 3-dimensional physical universe and all we will ever see are constellations of atoms suspended in enormous regions of space. And everywhere we look, this interatomic space will appear as vast and unending in spatial extent as interstellar and intergalactic space appear at their respective locus of magnitude. As an example, with a little help from our consciousness vision, this can be visualized in our operating room scenario: From the interatomic level of magnitude inside the patient’s organ in the surgeon’s hand, no matter how far we move as a Locus of Vision in any direction within 3-spatial dimensions, we will never leave interatomic space. From our interatomic LOCUS inside the patient’s organ, we can move down through the patient’s body and skin into the operating room table, down through the metal table, down through the floor of the operating room, down through all the floors of the hospital, into the ground and through the Earth and out the other side of the Planet and all the way through the Milky Way Galaxy to the farthest reaches of the Universe, and all we will ever see are atoms and constellations of atoms in enormous regions of space. This is the Macrocosmic perspective of the physical universe as seen from the 4^th spatial dimensional locus of interatomic space. The Microcosmic perspective, the surgeon, is still in the operating room sewing up the patient’s abdomen at the conclusion of a successful operation, and the gurgling in his own viscera is starting to make him think about what he wants to eat for lunch.

From Origin and Evolution of the Universe, a Unified Scientific Theory by Paul Hollister, M.D. Copyright 2004

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