Origin of the Big Bang
The Big Bang could not have come from nowhere out of nothing. The Big Bang had to have a cause. That means that the Big Bang had to be preceded by a process of events (Time) that took place somewhere (Space). If we are ever going to answer for ourselves where all the Energy and Density came from that Big Banged the atomic Mass of the physical universe into existence, we are going to have to reach back in space and time beyond the event of the Big Bang. That means we are going to have to find another theoretical model to work with other than a Big Bang that erupted all Space and Time and Energy and Mass into existence simultaneously from a Point of Singularity, because that is in effect an impassible beginning beyond which Space and Time and Energy and Mass and the laws of physics don’t even exist. And it just isn’t so. If there is a definable Result, there is a definable Cause. Therefore, the Big Bang had to be a point in a process.
As I thought about this…..
Energy = Mass
Mass is Energy in another form
Energy = Mass Explosion (E=mc2)
Mass = Energy Implosion
Implosion = Explosion
Black Hole = Gravity Implosion entrance into 4th spatial dimensional tunnel
between universes.
White Hole = Energy Explosion exit out of 4th spatial dimensional tunnel
between universes.
Gravity Implosion (Black Hole) = Energy Explosion (White Hole)
Gravity Implosion (Supermassive Black Hole Density) = Energy Explosion (Big
Bang)
Gravity Implosion of (Atoms) = Energy Explosion of (Stars) (Little Bang)
Gravity Implosion of (Star) = Stellar Black Hole
Gravity Implosion forms Supermassive Black Hole Density that results in Big
Bang that forms elemental Atoms that gravitationally form the Stars that
collapse into Black Holes
…a pattern began to crystallize within the space of my mind:
HYPOTHESIS: Gravity Implosion of Energy and
Particles in Pre-Bang Universe forms Supermassive Black Hole!
• Big Bang Explosion out of White Hole forms a galactic island of
hydrogen in space
• Coalescence and growth of Black Hole Density forms baryonic engine of
ongoing hydrogen production
• Gravitational gathering of hydrogen (H+,
H0, H2)
forms diffuse and dark nebulae
• Gravity implosion and thermonuclear ignition of dark nebulae give birth to
the stars
• Gravitational gathering and swirl of matter and stars evolves into
optically visible galaxy
• Nuclear fusion within stars fuses hydrogen into helium
• Nuclear fusion in secondary stars fuses hydrogen and helium into periodic
table of atoms
• Gravity implosion of fuel-depleted stars ignites supernova explosions
• Supernova explosions create intragalactic dust
• Gravitational gathering of intragalactic dust forms metal-rich stars and
molecular amassment of planets
• Gravity implosion of dying stars in periphery of galaxy form Stellar Black
Holes
REALIZATION: This process accounts
for the Origin and Evolution of the Galaxy!
Cycle and Circulation is a fundamental Pattern of Nature and everything is linked by Cause and Effect, so the Big Bang should be no exception. Theoretically, this Cycle of Energy into Mass and Mass into Energy can result in a Circulation of Energy/Mass through and between the Pre-Bang and Post-Bang Universes, which are each composed of energy and mass of different magnitudes: implosion of Energy into Particles; implosion of Particles into Atoms; implosion of Atoms into Stars; implosion of Stars into Black Holes. In this way, 4th spatial dimensional Lines of Magnitude (Black Holes) separate the existence of Mass into universes of different mass magnitude and Mass/Energy circulates through and between the Universes.
Knowing that there had to be a universe that contained the energy, substance and process that imploded the supermassive density into existence that was the site and source of the original Big Bang, there has to be a Universe of Energy and Particles that preexisted the Physical Universe. And that Pre-Bang Universe has to be of sufficient magnitude that its processes were able to materialize the baryonic and atomic mass of the entire Physical Universe into existence. Therefore, there must have been a vast and powerful mirror-image universe of equivalent magnitude in existence which is as yet invisible to the eyes of science. That being necessarily so, it is scientifically quite logical to expect that the Universe of Energy and Particles that caused the original Big Bang still exists.
I ask myself, how can human beings begin to penetrate the mystery of this Pre-Bang Universe in rational terms if the eyes of science don’t have the power to see it?
First, realize that it has to be there.
Second, if a pre-atomic Universe of Energy and Particles is there that formed the supermassive density that resulted in the Big Bang in the first place, realize that it must be vastly coexistent throughout the composite space of the Physical Universe, because it wouldn’t just cease to exist after the Big Bang.
It is easier to envision this Cycle and Circulation between the universes if we stop Time and look at the cycle as a frozen whole. We can do this because Space and Time are separable. Space always was and always is and always will be, but Time doesn’t come into existence until there is Motion and Movement of contents in Space, which is how time is derived as a measure. So even though we are accustomed to looking at Space-Time as a continuum, and even though we need Time for mathematical manipulation of motion and events and light-year measurement of distances into the past, Time can be viewed as an illusion of Motion and Movement. For example, from a timeless Present point-of-view of Space and Motion, day and night are simply the light and dark sides of spinning planet Earth, the seasons are the elliptical orbit of planet Earth around the heat of the Sun, and the growth and senescence of all living creatures are the movement of molecules and molecular masses into and out of the physical body, fueling and gathering into cellular structure and form from single cell conception to total dissolution (death). So from an immobile reference point within Space, as if we are watching what is going on around us from a point within a void of space between clusters of galaxies, we can look at existence as simply Motion and Movement of contents in Space, because from an eternal present point-of-view that is all there is: space and contents within space that are in motion and moving. Stopping Time makes it easier to visualize the “structure” of the Cycle and Circulation process that forms the various Points of Magnitude in existence, and shows the inside-outside 4th spatial dimensional relationship between them. Once the Cycle and Circulation is seen as a whole, Time can then be added to any point or range of the process.
Views like above may at first seem strange and distant, so let’s return to planet Earth and look at an example that doesn’t seem so far removed from what we clearly know as so. First I will describe a down to Earth image of a Cycle and Circulation that everyone is familiar with. Then I will describe an analogy to this Pattern of Nature as it applies to the Cosmos: where Rain will be the Atoms, and the River will be the Stars, and the Ocean will be the Galaxy in a Sea of Night.
Imagine that a Genius and a Dreamer are sitting together on the shore of the River Thames surrounded by Nature (in unpolluted days of old). And as they watch the River from the solid Shore of Time, one is talking in the mystery of numbers and the other is speaking in words that make dreams. And though the two speak in different languages, they have both wandered in search of meaning to this Shore of Time. And they are both fascinated by the sight and sense and significance of Nature around them—by the Ripples and the River and the Ocean and the Rain—and the transience of all things, and the Cycle and Circulation that makes each and all Whole—and Time stops Still—and together they watch the River where it breaks into sight on the horizon, and the Motion and Movement of the River enlarges as it journeys toward them, and Ripples charm on the Surface of the Movement and splash on by, and River tumbles and meanders away in an undulating distant line, and River pours into Ocean, and Ocean mystifies its mass up into Clouds, and Clouds float on by, and Mist gathers into falling drops, and Rain sounds down upon the ground, and Ripples rush-a-streaming into teaming into thundering into River, and all the way down past the Shores of Time they gather, until they pass these two wanderers resting together beside the River Thames, and Time moves on.
I think the Cosmos is like that Dr. Hawking—Cycle and Circulation—all the way from Big Bang to Black Hole, breaking into sight at the horizon of the Big-Bang, traversing into forms before out Hubble eyes for all the world to see, disappearing from sight into stellar Black Holes, and all the way around again, and again, and again: Energy Imploding into Particles, Particles Imploding into Atoms, Atoms Imploding together and igniting into Stars, Stars Imploding into Black Holes, and—gone—out of sight—from the physical universe.
A great deal is known about the Explosion of Energy that comes from nuclear fusion of the atoms that makes the stars what they are, but very little is known about the Implosion of Energy and Particles that must have occurred to give rise to the Big Bang beginning of all the hydrogen atoms that the galaxies and stars of the universe are made from and fueled by. So a comprehensive evolutionary theory of the universe is needed to show where the supermassive DENSITY came from that resulted in the Big Bang in the first place. I would also suggest that we need a more ongoing process than a single Big Bang limited to a single moment of time 20 billion years ago to explain where all the hydrogen in this universe is coming from that is fueling all these galaxies and stars. For is it not hydrogen that fuels the first-generation stars that are the site of nuclear fusion that forms and fuels all the stars in turn in all the galaxies in the physical universe? And that being so, and knowing that the stars are the atomic factories that make the other atoms in the periodic table that are the atomic-molecular building blocks of the entire physical universe, hydrogen is the ultimate source of all the mass and fuel and fire that is burning in the physical universe. But there is nothing in the physical universe that can make hydrogen atoms! So where is all this hydrogen coming from? If mass explodes into energy, energy must be able to implode into mass, but given the enormity of the 100 billion galaxies that can be seen with the Hubble telescope, just what kind of Big Bang magnitude are we talking about here? If I had the wherewithal, I would like to calculate the amount of hydrogen that is needed to fuel one star like our Sun for one day, then the 100 billion stars seen in one galaxy for one day, then the 100 billion galaxies visible from Earth for one day, then for one year, then for the 10 billion years that the 100 billion stars in each of the 100 billion galaxies that have been continuously burning hydrogen fuel, to try to comprehend how enormous this Big Bang of mythical magical magnitude would have to be in order to do what it did: explode the sum total of the atomic mass of the entire physical universe into existence in one ferocious minute. I know that the single Big Bang theory is widely accepted as a scientific belief, and that a recurring and ongoing Big-Bang model of evolution that occurs galaxy by galaxy will require an adjustment in the current mindset, but I can’t help thinking that on a fuel consumption basis there must be a more ongoing source of hydrogen fuel to keep all these galaxies burning for billions and billions of years or the lights in this universe would be going out!
Nature consists of recurring patterns everywhere we look, so I think it is far more likely that the Big Bang is a recurring and ongoing process. I therefore propose that there is an unrecognized Pre-Bang Universe in existence that was and is the source of a recurring and ongoing Big-Bang process, an adjacent Universe of Energy and Particles that contains the prerequisite pre-atomic forms of energy and particles and process capacity required to reach a Big-Bang threshold sufficient to implode and fuse all the hydrogen atoms into physical existence that supplies the substance and fuel for each galaxy’s birth, growth and evolution.
This concept does not nullify the genius of the original Big Bang Theory. This is simply a modification of the Big Bang Theory that permits the existence of the Pre-Bang process Time and Space that had to be there to generate the hot DENSITY that the original Big Bang theory is based on. Because that Pre-Bang DENSITY didn’t magically appear out of nowhere from nothing: that DENSITY that ignited and erupted into the Big Bang had to come into existence by a real process that occurred at a real location in real space. By reformulating the Big Bang theory as a recurring and ongoing process, as a threshold point in a process rather than point of beginning of Space and Time, the total baryonic mass of the entire physical universe does not have to be materialized in one—unbelievable—second.
The benefit of this recurring and ongoing model is that the Big Bang becomes a threshold point in a process that has two sides to the equation, reaching forward and backward without obstruction into both sides of the mystery of universe evolution, so that the cause as well as result of the Big Bang can be determined.
Inflexibility of mind can be as dangerous for scientists as it is for theists. Let’s all look at this process of the “beginning” again. When the original theory for the Creation and Evolution of the universe was first formulated in the Book of Genesis, the universe was a canopy of stars with one Sun and a flat Earth. Now, with every new generation of telescope, the number of galaxies and the magnitude of their mass leaps exponentially larger, such that the original “Infinite Density” from which the original Big Bang erupted all into everything has become so utterly magical in magnitude that it is unbelievable. Let’s look at and rethink the magnitude of this Big Bang “beginning” again. Though the process of the Big Bang is scientifically logical, the timeframe and magnitude of the original Big Bang is even more magical than the original Book of Genesis, because it only took one minute for the Big Bang to create what took God a whole day to accomplish, one minute to create all the baryonic matter that all the stars and galaxies of the universe are made from. When the original Book of Genesis was written thousands of years ago, it was truly an inspirational stroke of genius. Without any scientific knowledge to guide him, the author of that great concept brought the entire idea of Creation and Evolution into being. As we look back on it now, with all the knowledge that our species has worked so hard to acquire, the process of Creation and Evolution of Adam that the Book of Genesis describes seems like such a magical story compared with what we now know to be the actual process of evolution. I think the original Big Bang was also a stroke of genius, because it gave us the means to scientifically understand the process of Creation and Evolution of the Atom. However, the baryonic nucleons of the total atomic mass of 100 billion galaxies could not have materialized in one magical mathematical second. This could not have happened as a single Big Bang.
Big Bang as Threshold Point in Gravity Implosion—Energy Explosion Process
If the Big Bang is a threshold point in a process rather than the point of origin of Space and Time, this entire physical universe could have evolved from a pattern of recurring and ongoing Big-Bangs. Realistically speaking, if a single Big Bang can be envisioned as the origin of the total mass of 100 billion galaxies in one minute, a recurring pattern of Big Bangs can just as easily be envisioned as the origin of each galaxy, with the physical universe evolving galaxy by galaxy over cosmological time. When one considers that each galaxy contains billions of stars, plus a mass of dark matter that is greater than all the stars combined, plus an exploding supermassive nuclear center that contains a black-hole DENSITY equivalent to 3 billion solar masses, the magnitude of beginning for one galaxy is an enormous Big Bang! With a Big Bang origin for each galaxy, the expansion of the universe would need further study for understanding, because Space itself would not explode into existence and expand from a Point of Singularity; and the cosmic microwave background radiation would need further study for understanding, because it would no longer be just the lingering embers from of a single Hot Point of explosion affecting the temperature of the entire Cosmos for 20 billion years; however, the “Big Bang” formation of all the hydrogen in the universe would still be encompassed by this theory, and the entire process of universe evolution would be as close to us as the Hubble Telescope’s deep fields.
Let’s get this
mystical Big Bang nailed down to reality, so that we can
examine both sides of the equation. The original Big Bang arose from a
DENSITY. What was that DENSITY? What ignited that DENSITY into the Big Bang?
Where was that DENSITY? What process created that DENSITY? How much time did
it take for that DENSITY to form? Stars gravitationally implode into Black
Holes. Atoms gravitationally implode into Stars. These processes take eons
of time! Is there any reason to think that the process that imploded the
Pre-Bang DENSITY into existence didn’t take eons of time? Certainly, there
had to be a universe of energy and pre-atomic elements in existence in order
for that DENSITY to be formed in the first place. Otherwise, how could the
supermassive density of the original theory that resulted in the Big Bang be
formed?
Let’s look at what happens when the Big Bang is analyzed as a threshold point in a process, rather than being an uncaused DENSITY that mysteriously exploded and expanded Space into existence as well as everything else. The Pre-Bang density had to be formed by a gravitational implosion of something that already existed, a gravitational implosion of preexisting energy and/or particulate mass into a finite (rather than infinite) density that reached the threshold of explosion known as Big Bang. If the Big Bang is a threshold point in a process rather than point of origin of Space and Time, then the first second “after” the Big Bang in the original theory can be moved to the other side of the equation to “before” the Big Bang where it belongs, because the free quark to quark-gluon plasma transition is a physical compression process rather than an expansion process. And there is now all the space and time that is needed for that cosmological process to occur.
In contrast to the notion that the mass of the entire physical universe was compressed inside an explosive mythical seed, which was an “infinite density” that existed in nowhere because there was no Space in Existence prior to the original Big Bang, it becomes quite easy to visualize a finite density that gravitationally imploded to a threshold point that resulted in a real Big-Bang. Gravitational gathering of preexisting free quarks and gluon, for example, into a definable density that had definable form that reached a definable threshold that converted the supermassive density of quarks into a nuclear caldron of quark-gluon plasma that was physically strong-force fused (Big-Bang) into stable baryons that were jettisoned explosively outward into surrounding regional space becomes quite easy to imagine. And within the surrounding regional space, it is also quite easy to see how the massive amounts of newly formed hydrogen gravitationally collapse into stars and a galaxy is born.
The astronomical enormity of the pre-atomic Universe of Energy and Particles that gave rise to that DENSITY in the original theory had to be of sufficient magnitude that it can account for the baryonic materialization of the total atomic mass of the entire Physical Universe. A thousand years ago, the Cosmos was just a canopy of stars and one Sun and a flat Earth that was thought to be the center of the Universe. A hundred years ago, the Cosmos was just the Milky Way, a single galaxy. Today, at the turn of the millennium, the Cosmos contains 100 billion visible galaxies. In the wake of this treatise, the Cosmos is going to open its doors to another whole universe, the Pre-Bang Universe from which the entire Post-Bang Universe materialized. How, in the light of this magnitude, can we begin to estimate the nature and magnitude of this preexisting Universe of Energy and Particles that gave rise to the supermassive density of the Big Bang?
As always, we have to begin where we are.
And where science is now is between the Event of the Big Bang on one side and Event Horizon of Black Holes on the other.
An Event Horizon can be defined for any Gravitational Implosion, just as
it is for a Black Hole.
The Event Horizon of a Black Hole can be
geometrically depicted as either a cone or a sphere, because a cone is a
sector of a sphere. As the spherical Event Horizon of a Black Hole is
determined by the gravitational force exerted by the Mass of the Black Hole,
the Event Horizon of a Black Hole and the Mass of a Black Hole are not the
same thing: they are two separate spheres. The Event Horizon is the surface
of a sphere of gravitational force, the spherical surface of a gravitational
force field. This Event Horizon is the gravitational boundary from which
constituent particles of mass and energy cannot escape and are imploded
inward. By contrast, the Mass of the Black Hole is a sphere of density in
the center of that Event-Horizon sphere of gravitational force. In other
words, the Mass of the Black Hole is a Sphere of Mass inside a Sphere of
Event Horizon, each of which are formed by the force of gravity.
Implosion is a process, just as Explosion is a process. The relative size of the two spheres, the Event Horizon Sphere and its Sphere of Imploded Mass, changes during this implosion process until a stable equilibrium is reached. During the implosion process, as constituent particles of mass and energy cross the Event Horizon and are imploded inward, the magnitude and density of the imploded mass increases and the spatial size of the density decreases. Concomitantly, the radius of the spherical Event Horizon increases as a result of the increasing gravitational force resulting from the increasing gravitational magnitude of the imploded mass, until Gravity Implosion is counterbalanced by Energy Explosion (Big Bang) and a new equilibrium is reached.
Black Holes are manifestations of a 4th spatial dimension. Implosion and Explosion are reciprocal opposites that occur on the axis of the 4th spatial dimension. In the stars, we see a stable Sphere of Explosion (White Hole). In stellar black holes, we see a Sphere of Implosion (Black Hole). It appears to me that this dynamic equilibrium between Implosion—Explosion in the 4th spatial dimension is a fundamental Pattern of Nature that we see over and over, whereby definable Magnitudes of Mass are formed by an equilibrium between Gravity Implosion—Energy Explosion that results from a definable Threshold Point that occurs in a definable finite Density. This equilibrium between gravity implosion and energy explosion appears to be a fundamental pattern that accounts for a wide range of Magnitudes of Mass within the universe, including the yet to be identified supermassive black hole DENSITY that gives rise to the Big-Bang threshold. Variations in the magnitude and stability of the opposing forces of this equilibrium, including quasars and stars (stable equilibrium), neutron stars and stellar black holes (gravitational collapse), and supernova and cosmic gamma ray bursts (unopposed explosion), are evident throughout the Spectrum of Magnitudes.
A Big Bang with no cause is a one-sided equation. Now the Big Bang has become a bipolar process in which each part as well as the whole is scientifically definable from beginning to end. Whereas the original Big Bang was hampered by a mathematical Point of Singularity that was an infinite point beyond which the laws of physics could not be applied, this Gravity Implosion—Energy Explosion model for the Big Bang is subject to the laws of physics from beginning to end. In this model, the “Point of Singularity” corresponds to Magnitudes of Mass (Points of Magnitude in the Spectrum of Magnitudes) that actually exist, and exist with sufficient constancy that they can be mathematically defined and standardized as reliable constants.
Let’s try this recurring and ongoing Big-Bang theory of evolution on for size and see if it fits what we see in the Cosmos around us. The physical universe is homogenously filled with galaxies which are the result of their regional pattern and process of formation, rather than the pattern and location of galaxies in space being the result of rippling and exploding apart from a singular Point in Space at a singular Point in Time. Space-Time continuum is still there as a frame of reference because the speed of light is still a measure of space in terms of time, so we are still looking at galaxies as they existed millions of light-years ago. However, the time of their formation and individual evolution looks different because the galaxies are no longer collectively locked to a single-simultaneous point of origin, no longer locked to a single Point of Time in a single Point of Space, because each galaxy arose in its own time and in its own space from its own finite Big-Bang process. The supermassive density that gives rise to the Big-Bang beginning of each galaxy is formed by a gravitation process in a contiguous Pre-Bang Universe of Energy and Particles that coexists throughout the space of the visible Physical Universe. So the galaxies have arisen at many different points in time and at many different locations in space, and this recurring pattern and process of Big-Bang formation is what accounts for the galaxies’ homogenous distribution throughout the visible Cosmos.
So each galaxy is born and grows and evolves as a separate and definable whole, which then interacts with the other galaxies around it. By looking at evolution in this way, the lifecycle of each galaxy can be defined in the context of the original Big Bang theory’s process of baryonogenesis but on a reduced scale that results in the regional materialization of each galaxy. The galaxies are the structural and functional evolutionary units in the evolutionary formation of the physical universe as a whole, within which they interact with each other in the space of the physical universe. By endowing each galaxy with separate individual existence from the moment of birth, the sequence of individual galaxy evolution becomes more clearly definable. Galaxies are born, grow, evolve, interact with their environment, become old, and die. There are small galaxies: dwarf galaxies. There are large partially evolved galaxies containing young generations of stars with little intragalactic dust: elliptical galaxies. There are active dust-laden, star-burst forming galaxies: spiral galaxies. It is a fundamental Pattern of Nature for things to grow from inside out and from small to large and from immature to mature, so perhaps the evolution of the galaxies progresses by size from small to large as well: from dwarf to elliptical to spiral. By disengaging individual galaxy age and evolution from one-simultaneous point of total physical universe birth, and one-fixed line of simultaneous physical universe evolution, it becomes possible to look at regional galaxy population data (such as size and star-burst growth activity) in different ways. Just as human beings vary in age from infant to aged in any era of human history, so too would galaxies vary in age at any light-year distance in the different Space-Time look-back eras of universe history. If the lifecycle of the galaxy is clearly and accurately known, then the galaxy population can be analyzed back through Space-Time until the heterogeneity of galaxy age transitions into a wave front of only young galaxies, which would signal the Space-Time look-back region of the first generation of galaxies in the universe.
It seems to me that it should be possible to scientifically establish whether the galaxies have arisen from a unicentric point or multicentric points of origin, because we can look back in Space-Time at the universe as it existed in the cosmological past. However, in order to do this, we are going to have to look at this universe with a different mindset. We are going to have to come to terms with the axiomatic notion that Space itself came into existence as a result of the Big Bang.
The axiom of the original theory states that Space was created by the Big Bang. That means that the Big Bang created Space! How can anything create Space? How can any Thing (“infinite density”) create Space? This is not logical! The Big Bang created SPACE from an infinite DENSITY? Space did not exist before the infinite DENSITY burst apart in the Big Bang? The Space between the pieces of DENSITY that expanded apart from the Big Bang was existentially nonexistent anywhere until that Space was created by a Big Bang? The Big Bang did not blast the pieces of DENSITY apart through preexistent Space but rather created Space that spread the pieces apart on its expanding nonexistent matrix? And that Space that was created by the Big Bang is still inflating into existence as a result of that Big Bang and that is why the physical universe is expanding? This is not LOGICAL!
When I ask my sense of reality to choose between a beginning that consists of infinite empty Space verses an infinite Density that isn’t in anywhere because Space doesn’t exist, I can’t even imagine what that infinite Density is or where it was or how it got there. And neither can anyone else unless they arbitrarily erase the de facto existence of Space that is evident everywhere in the Cosmos, which seems to me to be tantamount to denying the evidence because it conflicts with theory. Space appears to be infinite in every direction we look. It’s there! It experientially exists! However, there is no infinite Density anywhere in the known universe. Even the supermassive black hole in the center of the galaxy, the greatest known density in the universe, doesn’t have infinite density. Indeed, when you think about it, an “infinite density” is a physical impossibility. Conclusion: It is possible to have infinite Space, but it is impossible to have an infinite Density.
I would suggest another axiom: Space can neither be created nor destroyed. Space can be occupied—by energy, by mass, by anything and everything that exists—but Space itself cannot be created by anything. Now this makes sense. Space was never created. Space always was and is and always will be existent. Why? Because that’s the way it is. How do we know? Because Space is encountered at every magnitude of existence in every region of the universe 100% of the time without the smallest fraction of a single exception. Statistically speaking, 100% versus 0% should be convincingly significant evidence for scientific minds.
Now we have somewhere for existence to exist, including the supermassive DENSITY that gave rise to the Big Bang. From this frame of reference of infinite Space, let’s look at the galaxies again.
If a mini Big-Bang gives rise to each galaxy directly, then the structure and appearance of the galaxy takes on added significance because the evolution of each galaxy extends directly from its present physical form to its Big Bang point-of-origin past. So each galaxy is a visible Event Horizon of its evolutionary past, which begins at a Big Bang, which is a threshold point in a process that occurred in a real Density, which had been formed by a sequence of events that took place in a preexisting Universe of Energy and Particles.
There is an enormously important theoretical consideration in this recurring Big Bang theory which, if true, is going to revolutionize cosmology. If it is theoretically possible for the Big Bang to be a recurring event rather than a single event in Cosmos history, is it not also possible for the Big Bang to be an ongoing process? If the Big Bang is in fact an ongoing process, then its massive materialization of hydrogen, the substance and fuel of stellar evolution, is being actively produced within the galaxy. If that is so, then the entire process and sequence of atomic and stellar evolution is happening within the galaxy. Furthermore, crescendoing this logic to its final conclusion, if the Big Bang is fact an ongoing process, then the Big Bang is exploding into physical evidence right in front of our Hubble eyes—the Quasar—with its cosmic plasma jets of particles and energy blasting out from the supermassive black hole at the nuclear center of every quasar and active galactic nucleus—is the Big Bang!
Giant Cosmic Plasma and Radio Jets exploding out of a Black Hole?
Impossible!
Impossible?
Not impossible.
Black Hole exploding out Particle Jets?
Contradiction in terms!
Contradiction in terms?
Not a contradiction at all.
Not if the Big Bang is a threshold point in a process that has two sides to the equation, not if the supermassive density of the original theory was gravitationally imploded into finite existence from a preexisting Universe of Energy and Particles, not if the Big Bang arose from a finite gravitational density that is so massive that it fulfills the criteria of a Supermassive Black Hole, not if the Supermassive Black Hole is the site of an explosive Big-Bang process that fuses quark-gluon plasma into the nucleus of the hydrogen atoms that clearly pervade and fuel all the stars and galaxies in the visible universe, not if the Big-Bang is an ongoing explosive process within the Supermassive Black Holes that are scientifically known to exist within every quasar and at the nuclear center of every active galaxy, it is not impossible.
The Mother of all Stars is the Quasar! Quasars produce all the hydrogen in the universe. Hydrogen produces all the stars in the universe. Stars through nuclear fusion produce all the other atoms in the universe. And this entire process occurs within the space of the Galaxy!
Single Big Bang versus Recurring and Ongoing Big-Bang
There had to be a Universe that preexisted the original Big Bang, a Pre-Bang Universe that contained the potential energy and essential elements and process that made the “infinite density” of the original Big Bang theory possible. There is no basis to assume that the Universe that formed the “infinite density” of the original Big Bang theory is not still in existence. If the Big Bang could occur once, there is also no basis to assume that the Big Bang could not occur again, and again, and again. If a Pre-Bang Universe exists that has the potential energy and power to form the original theory’s DENSITY that resulted in the Big Bang, then that Pre-Bang Universe is not in a static state and has to be at least as vast in potential energy/mass magnitude as the Physical Universe to which it gave rise. If there is a Pre-Bang Universe that has the energy/mass potential to form a supermassive density that can reach the threshold of Big Bang, it becomes theoretically possible for that supermassive density to be the site of an ongoing Big-Bang process, in a stable burning orb (Quasar) that has a gravitational force equivalent to a supermassive black hole. Within the Pre-Bang Universe of Energy and Particles, gravitational collapse of pre- and non-atomic particles forms a supermassive density (Quasar) that reaches the threshold of quark-gluon fusion into the atomic nucleus of hydrogen (Big-Bang), which is directly visible through the Hubble Space Telescope as the most powerful burning orb in the physical universe. Just as hydrogen within a nebula can gravitationally collapse and ignite into ongoing thermonuclear fusion as a stable burning orb (star), pre- and non-atomic particles in a dark matter nebula can theoretically gravitationally collapse and reach the particle-fusion threshold of the Big-Bang as a stable burning orb (quasar) that has a gravitational force equivalent to a supermassive black hole.
Now the Big Bang, like everything else in the universe, is nailed down to reality by the laws of physics, and we have a theory that can be scientifically tested and proven to be so or no. No more does there have to be a domain of existence beyond which Nature’s own language of mathematics and Nature’s own laws of physics cannot be applied.
Let’s compare the single Big Bang Theory with the recurring and ongoing Big Bang Theory:
| Single Big Bang |
Recurring Big Bang |
Ongoing Big Bang |
|
| Origin of Big Bang |
Unexplainable and incomprehensible Infinite Density | Supermassive finite density that resulted from gravity implosion of energy/mass within Universe of Energy and Particles | Black Hole formed by gravity implosion coalesces and enlarges |
| Cause of Big Bang |
Unknowable, because laws of physics don’t apply before point of singularity of Big Bang | Gravity implosion of energy/mass resulted in a supermassive density that reached a definable threshold of Big Bang | Supermassive density continuously explodes (pattern analogous to thermonuclear explosion of stars) |
| Location of Big Bang |
Unknowable, because Space did not exist before Big Bang | Locus in space corresponds to each quasar | Supermassive nuclear center of each quasar and active galaxy |
| Magnitude of Big Bang |
Equal to total Mass and Energy of entire Physical Universe | Equal to total mass and energy of each respective quasar and galaxy | Equal to ongoing genesis of hydrogen required for gradual galaxy growth and evolution |
| Galaxy Birth | All galaxies rippled apart into separate existence from One Cosmic Mass at the same time | Big Bang forms island of hydrogenous dark matter in space | |
| Galaxy Growth | Galaxies cannot grow! Preexistent galaxies can only enlarge by collision and merger | Initial Big Bang is the starting mass and energy of galaxy growth and evolution, the beginning of its lifecycle | Galaxy is fueled and grows from inside outward from ongoing Big-Bang hydrogen formation at its supermassive nuclear center |
| Galaxy Evolution | All galaxies evolve simultaneously, from preexistent baryonic and elemental atomic mass | Each galaxy evolves individually | Supermassive nuclear center is the root source of galaxy existence, providing ongoing supply of hydrogen for growth and evolution |
| Physical Prototype for Supermassive Density of Big Bang |
None | Quasar and supermassive "black hole" density at center of every Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) | Giant Plasma Jets and Radio Jets arising from supermassive “black hole” density in Quasars and AGNs |
With the creation of the physical universe confined to a single Big Bang, the sum total of all mass and energy in the physical universe was created—fait accompli—in the single moment of the Big Bang 10 to 20 billion years ago. This places enormous constraints upon theorization, because that single Big Bang event was not only the beginning of atomic mass creation—it was also the end of atomic mass creation—because the total atomic mass of the physical universe was created in the single moment of the Big Bang. In other words, in the entire history of the universe, there was a window of baryonic matter creation that lasted one minute. And during that one-minute window, all of the baryonic and atomic mass of the entire physical universe was formed; and after the one-minute window of the Big Bang closed, baryonic and elemental atomic mass was never created again. As a result, although the physical mass that was created in the first minute of the Big Bang could expand space-wise and cool and evolve, no new baryonic or elemental atomic mass could ever be added to the total mass of the physical universe again. Even though, through the power of our telescopes, the size of the physical universe has grown from one lonely little Milky Way Galaxy to over 100 billion galaxies in the last century, the one-minute window of creation never changes, and never will change, because the original supermassive density was an “infinite” density that contained all Space and Time and Energy and Mass that will ever be found to exist, with nary the space for even conception of exception. Consequently, the capacity of our mind and power of our sight have been locked by the gears of the single Big Bang.
The singularity of the Big Bang, as valuable as it is as a starting point, confronts theoreticians with insurmountable problems and constraints: 1) the cause of the Big Bang cannot be addressed in the present model, because “the laws of physics do not apply” prior to the point of singularity of the Big Bang; 2) the “infinite density” is a mythical entity for which there is no prototype in existence; 3) the Big Bang as a mathematical point of origin of all and everything (all Space, Time, Energy and Mass), rather than being a physical threshold point in a physical process, is a two-sided equation that has only one side; 4) the singularity of the Big Bang mandates that all subsequent thoughts and theories concerning universe and galaxy evolution have to conform to the axiomatic constraint that all of the baryonic and elemental atomic mass of the entire universe has been in existence for 20 billion years, long before galaxy evolution even began; 5) finally, as the singularity of the Big Bang is a historical fait accompli in the Mind of Science, the other side of the Big Bang equation, which is the tremendous Universe of Whatever-It-Was that gave rise to the Big Bang, simply ceased to exist.
Consequently, 100% of the Cosmos is the result of the Big Bang and 0% of the Cosmos is the cause of the Big Bang. In other words, without Science even considering that this is an extraordinary imbalance, EVERYTHING that is encountered by science in the universe is the RESULT of the Big Bang, and NOTHING that is encountered by science in the universe is a contributing factor or CAUSE of the Big Bang. As a result, the other side of the Cosmos, the other side of the Universe equation, simply disappeared from existence, because the Pre-Bang Universe has never been considered as an integral factor or significant variable having even the slightest influence upon universe and galaxy evolution since the Big Bang event. This uncaused cause has so blindfolded the mind of science that, for all practical purposes, the awesome Universe that gave rise to the original Big Bang is not even considered. Not even as a theoretical universe. Not even as a theoretical possibility. Not even as fertile ground for wonder.
The problem is that more than half of what we are looking at may be a manifestation of the Pre-Bang Universe that gave rise to the supermassive density that resulted in the Big Bang! Such as the mysterious “Dark Matter” that 90% of the universe is made of. Such as the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. Such as the Cosmic Gamma Ray Bursts. Such as the Supermassive Black Hole in the center of every active galaxy. But we just can’t look at it that way, because everything is the RESULT and nothing is the CAUSE of the Big Bang.
The constraint of this one-sided equation (the blind-side of a Big Bang that has no Cause) has affected all thought and theory about universe and galaxy evolution as a result, because everything encountered by science is forced to unfold in sequence from a single Point of Time in a single Point in Space that was the point of singularity of the original Big Bang. Hence, all the quarks and gluons in existence, as well as all the protons and neutrons and electrons of all the atoms in the physical universe, as well as all the energy and processes needed to materialize and particle fuse the quarks and gluon and quark-gluon plasma into the atomic nuclei of all the hydrogen that exists in the 100 billion visible galaxies, is all said to have occurred within—60—s-e-c-o-n-d-s—such that the time frame of the “quark era,” the window of time in which free quarks existed in the Cosmos, is said to have occurred between 10-35 and 10-6 seconds after the Big Bang (rather than pre-atomic evolution occurring in cosmological stages over cosmological time in astronomical space within a pre-atomic Universe of Energy that contained the processes that could gravitationally implode and—Quark Bang—the quarks and a free “Quark Universe” into existence that could in-turn over cosmological time gravitationally implode the “quark-gluon plasma” into supermassive finite gravitational DENSITIES, such as the supermassive black holes in quasars and galaxies that are in evidence throughout the space of the physical universe, that could reach a Big Bang threshold and—Big Bang—hydrogen into existence, such as in the form of the giant plasma jets and radio jets that are flooding the galaxy region with astronomical magnitudes of particle mass, that can cool in the distance into the H+ and H0 and H2 of the “Hydrogen Universe” that is known to exist within each active galaxy, that gather into the diffuse and dark nebulae that gravitationally form the star nurseries that give birth to the galaxy’s stars, that—Atomic Bang—the nuclear fusion of the periodic table of the “Atomic Universe” into existence, that electromagnetically bind into the molecules that form our solid planetary physical existence—with each cosmological stage and “era” of evolution having all the space and time it needs for the evolutionary process to do what it did).
W—o—W! That’s a long sentence! There are 320 words in that sentence! That’s a lot of information to cram into one sentence, don’t you think? However, as it describes the creative process in the first 60 seconds of the Big Bang, I think I’ve made my point.
From the single Big Bang theory, the total baryonic and hydrogenous and elemental atomic mass of the physical universe became a fixed physical constant 10 to 20 billion years ago. Hence, everything in existence is the result of the Big Bang (and nothing in existence is the cause of the Big Bang). Hence, the hydrogen and elemental atomic mass of the physical universe can be rearranged by theory and fused together in the stars but the total mass of the universe cannot be added to (such as by a recurring or ongoing Big-Bang process). Hence, galaxy evolution had to begin from a single, infinitely dense Cosmic Thing that had to ripple apart from Bang En Masse in order to explain the present homogeneous distribution of galaxies throughout space (rather than the galaxies reflecting the site and pattern of their regional origin and evolution). Hence, the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation is viewed as a relic of lingering temperature from a single Big Bang that occurred 10 to 20 billion years ago (rather than as a manifestation of the Universe of Energy and Particles that gave rise to the supermassive density of the Big Bang in the first place). Hence, it became theoretically impossible for galaxies to grow from inside their nuclear center outward, because all baryonogenesis and hydrogen formation had occurred fait accompli in one minute of Cosmos history known as the Big Bang. Hence, the only way galaxies could enlarge was by collision and merger (rather than the galaxies growing from inside outward from ongoing Big-Bang baryonogenesis inside the galaxy’s explosive supermassive black-hole center). Hence, the preponderance of irregular blue dwarf galaxies in the look-back past had to collide and merge to explain their disappearance and the existence of larger galaxies in the nearby present, (rather than the galaxies growing from small to large). Hence, the violent infernos that are seen exploding out of the nuclear center of active galaxies have to be viewed as resulting from the centripetal drain of preexisting galaxy mass that was created 10 to 20 billion years ago (rather than as physical evidence of an ongoing Big-Bang that is creating the hydrogen fuel that centrifugally feeds each galaxy and makes it grow and glow with stars). Hence, the supermassive black hole centers of galaxies are viewed by science as whirlpool drains that have to gravitationally gobble up 3 to 10 billion solar masses of galaxy matter to explain their existence (rather than seen as physical evidence for the kind of supermassive density that can erupt into an ongoing Big-Bang by the same process that erupted the “infinite density” into the original Big Bang in the first place). Hence, the galaxies must collide together in order to explain how a galaxy of diminishing mass can maintain a supermassive black hole at its center that has a gravity appetite equivalent to 3-10 billion solar masses (rather than the galaxy’s star-bursting spiral arms being formed and constantly fed by the centrifugal whirl of fresh ionic and atomic hydrogen that is being jettisoned outward in enormous radio-particle jets that span the entire radius of the galaxy from its “supermassive black hole” center where hydrogen is being massively produced by an ongoing Big-Bang process that is exploding into evidence right in front of our Hubble eyes).
Everything is the Result. Nothing is the Cause. That is the Formula of the original Big Bang.
Consequently, the single Big Bang, a Big Bang that has only one side to the equation, a Big Bang that has no cause, a Big Bang without the existence of a Pre-Bang Universe that could give rise to the supermassive density that reached the threshold of ignition that was the Big Bang, has in effect rendered the whole of Science half-blind.
The crux of the problem is that the Space-Time Continuum model forces the whole of physical universe evolution back to an impassable Point of Singularity in Time and Space. If the Big Bang is redefined as a threshold point in a process that takes place in a finite supermassive density, a density so massive that it is by definition a “supermassive black hole”, then the Big Bang can begin to have two sides to the equation, and the Cause will be as accessible to science as the Result.
Origin and Evolution of the Universe, a Unified Scientific Theory by Paul Hollister, M.D. Copyright 2004
