Chapter 10 – Evidence of Ongoing Big-Bang in Center of Every Active Galaxy

•  Is Galaxy Center a Big Bang or Black Hole?  

Current scientific theories are built on a foundation of belief that the total Mass and Energy in the physical universe is the result of a single Big Bang that occurred 10-20 billion years ago. Current theories that explain how the supermassive black holes and particle jets are formed at galaxy center are based on the Space-Time Model of the Black Hole. The gravitational magnitude of the black hole is determined by direct measurement of its effect on the gaseous accretion disk surrounding it. Knowing the gravitational magnitude of the black hole, the event horizon can be calculated. As nothing can escape from the event horizon of a black hole, it is presumed that the black hole is formed from matter falling into it from the accretion disk and matter in the surrounding visible galaxy, which means from the preexisting mass and energy that was formed by the original Big Bang. It has been theorized that the inward falling matter releases gravitational energy which accounts for the explosive jets moving in the opposite direction from the gravitational force. As for why some of the matter explodes away from the black hole instead of all the matter falling into the black hole remains a mystery.

The Space-Time Model of the Black Hole, like the Big Bang, has only one side to the equation, because the model shows only one side of the process. Whereas the Big Bang is a purely explosion/expansion process, the Black Hole is a purely gravitational collapse/implosion process. Consequently, each of these models has a blind side. In the Big Bang model, we cannot see the process (the physics) that caused the formation of the supermassive density that resulted in the Big Bang. In the Black Hole model, we cannot see the process (the physics) that results beyond the event horizon, inside the supermassive density of the Black Hole. The greatest ongoing explosions in the physical universe are happening in the quasars, AGNs and region of the supermassive black hole at galaxy center. Using the Space-Time Model of the Black Hole, everyone is desperately trying to figure out how an explosion process of this magnitude can occur outside the Event Horizon of the Black Hole.

The answer is, it doesn’t.

As I looked at the explosive region of the supermassive black hole at the center of galaxy M87, in comparison with the globular clusters of stars around it, I was impressed by how brilliantly the region of the black hole appeared to be burning. Then I wondered. What is the difference between a star and a stellar black hole? Certainly the stellar black hole can’t burn brightly like this supermassive black hole is or it would still be a star. We know that a star that is destined to become a black hole has to have a minimum magnitude of 1.7 solar masses in order to become a black hole. And the burning star has the same gravitational magnitude as the black hole it will one day become, albeit that gravitational magnitude is in a larger orb that is less dense. So while the star is burning, its gravitational mass is equivalent to the gravitational mass of a black hole, but the thermonuclear explosion within the star maintains the star’s equilibrium so that it doesn’t collapse upon itself. Then when the star runs out of nuclear fuel, the force of gravity is unopposed and it collapses into a black hole. So the difference between a burning star and a stellar black hole is the thermonuclear explosion that maintains the star’s equilibrium and causes it to burn brightly. 

 Quasars and AGNs and the Supermassive Black Holes in the center of galaxies have been burning brightly for eons of cosmological time, which means they are also in equilibrium. These are the greatest known densities in the physical universe and they are burning—explosively!

Due to the constraints of the original Big Bang theory (all hydrogen in the physical universe is by fait accompli already in existence) and the Space-Time Model of the Black Hole (one-way movement of mass and energy from the preexisting physical universe across the event horizon into the black hole), science has turned a perfectly healthy celestial orb into a schizophrenic! An orb whose gravitational mass and explosive energy are split apart into separate places in space and kept apart by an “event horizon” barrier that nobody can see, including the orb itself. No wonder that supermassive celestial orb is confused. It doesn’t know whether it’s coming or going!

And that’s what it all boils down to: Is the supermassive black hole at the center of every galaxy collapsing or expanding, imploding or exploding, going or coming? Is it a Big Bang or a Black Hole?

The answer is, it is both: Big Bang and Black Hole.

The Space-Time Model of the Black Hole does not describe a celestial mass that is in equilibrium, because it only describes the gravity side of the equation. Explosion is an obvious feature associated with these supermassive black holes: 1) radial explosion accounting for its brilliant radial energy, 2) exploding particle jets. Because the supermassive black hole in the center of the galaxy has been viewed through the eyes of the Space-Time Black Hole Model, the site of explosion had to be placed outside the mass of the black hole, which means that the site of explosion has been placed outside of the mass that is causing the explosion. It is like striking a match and the flame mysteriously appears in mid-air about a meter away from the match, and the match head isn’t burning, and we keep looking back and forth between the wick-less flame and flame-less match head and trying to figure out what’s going on here.

The reason this enormous mass has been called a supermassive black hole is because it is more dense than any object science has ever encountered before, so the nature of this massive density was quite logically compared to the greatest known density of the time, which was the stellar black hole. However, these supermassive densities—Quasars, AGNs, Supermassive Black Holes—are burning! Therefore, the physics of what is going on inside the supermassive densities can be more clearly deciphered if a burning star is used as the model for what is going on rather than a black hole.

The Gravity Implosion—Energy Explosion Model integrates both sides of the process in any celestial mass, regardless of its magnitude. 

The upper diagram depicts the processes that result in and result from the formation of a celestial orb, which applies to the process that gravitationally forms and results in burning orbs of all magnitude. By plotting the components of the process on the inside-outside axis of the 4^th spatial dimension, both sides of the equilibrium can be visualized and analyzed. Within this frame of reference, each object and wavelength and measure of structural magnitude (Points, Lines and Spheres of Magnitude) in and around the nuclear center of the galaxy (e.g. accretion disk, radio structures, X-ray structures and regions of “dark matter”, etc) can potentially be aligned to correspond to points on the inside-outside axis of this fundamental process (gravitational collapse versus explosion), like pieces of a puzzle, in order to investigate and localize the cause-effect relationship between various specific component parts and the fundamental process as a whole. The event horizon of the gravitational process on the right corresponds to the event horizon of the “black hole” when light is used as the defining parameter. However, in order to expand the utility of the event horizon concept, any range of parameters can be used to define a respective gravitational event horizon beyond which its constituent elements cannot escape, such as hydrogen for stars or quarks for quasars.

The lower diagram is a composite representation of a celestial orb. The diagram is bisected in the middle to compare the Quasar with the Star to show the similarity of their Gravity Implosion—Energy Explosion nature. The Star at left corresponds to a large star that will one day become a stellar black hole; the Quasar at right corresponds to a supermassive black hole at galaxy center. This reflects the gravitational magnitude of each orb in “black hole” terms, at one point in their respective lifecycles. If so desired, a line could be added outside the composite to represent the Event Horizon of the Black Hole that would be in effect if there was no explosion process going on inside the Star and Quasar. However, I want to emphasize the explosion side of the process rather than the gravity side because that is the “new physics” that is going to explain what is going on inside this supermassive celestial orb that fuels its unparalleled brilliance and creates the propulsion power of its jets. The Star at left represents a first-generation star in which hydrogen is the nuclear fuel and helium is the product of nuclear fusion which forms the core of the star. Thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium is depicted as a shell layer between the lighter hydrogen fuel and heavier helium core (Event Horizon of Thermonuclear Explosion). The Quasar at right is a theoretical composite model of the Big-Bang occurring in a supermassive celestial orb, the process and density of which corresponds to the first second in the original Big Bang theory. The Big-Bang fusion of quark-gluon plasma into baryons (Event Horizon of the Big Bang) is depicted as a shell layer between the dense quark-gluon core, which is the particle fuel for baryonogenesis, and the products of baryonogenesis, represented in the diagram as hydrogen. Quarks have greater density than protons of hydrogen nuclei, so the quark-gluon plasma remains at the core and the products of baryonogenesis are exploded outward in Big-Bang model fashion.

Young stars are known to display prominent jets that shoot outward along the axis of the star’s spin, a pattern which is identical to the giant cosmic jets associated with quasars and AGNs and supermassive black holes at the center of galaxies, except the jets associated with stars are astronomically smaller in size. The velocity of jets from stars is typically 100 km/second. In contrast, the velocity of jets from quasars travels close to the speed of light at about 270,000 km/second. (Parenthetically, these gigantic jets have repeatedly and consistently been clocked at superluminal speeds, with measurements up to 6 times faster than the speed of light. Interestingly, despite the consistency of this data, the superluminal speeds have been discounted because it has been decided that nothing in the universe can travel faster than the speed of light.) The jets from stars are composed of atomic and molecular gas. The jets from quasars are composed of subatomic particles. Jets from stars only occur while stars are young and still surrounded by the gaseous nebula from which the star was formed. Jets from stars are presumed to be related to accretion processes as the star assembles itself from the original gas cloud. Clearly, the jets from the stars are powered by the thermonuclear explosion process going on inside the star, even though the star itself is for a time buried out of optical sight within the nebula that formed it. The jets from quasars and supermassive black holes in the center of galaxies are thought to be powered by the “supermassive black hole,” although how remains a major mystery.

Shift gears. See the pattern. Expand the spectrum. We are seeing another octave of physical reality!

The composite model of the quasar above, as the site of the ongoing Big-Bang, opens the door to other possibilities for the generation of the giant cosmic plasma jets. First, the explosion process is occurring inside the quasar, inside the supermassive “black hole” density rather than outside the gravitational “event horizon” surrounding the supermassive density. This Big-Bang explosion process is powering both the illumination of the quasar and the giant cosmic plasma jets that are coming from it, in the same way that stellar illumination and the jets from stars are powered by the thermonuclear explosion inside the stars. Secondly, whereas stars are made of hydrogen atoms, quasars are made of quarks and pre-atomic particles. And whereas stars are formed from nebula of hydrogen atoms, quasars may be formed from “Dark Matter” nebula consisting of quarks and other pre- and non-atomic particles that gravitationally result in the formation of the supermassive density that reaches the threshold of the Big-Bang.

The Gravity Implosion—Energy Explosion Model integrates both sides of the process in each of these celestial orbs. Using stellar evolution leading to thermonuclear fusion as a model, quasar evolution leading to thermo-particle fusion (Big-Bang) can be precisely formulated in theoretical terms. Quasar is  formed from and composed of pre- and non-atomic particles within a Pre-Bang supermassive gravitational density. Quark-gluon fusion into the proton nucleus of hydrogen strong-force binds the particles into stable proton condition. This strong-force separation of  particle (proton) and anti-particle (electron) creates an electromagnetic polarity that is the regional origin of electromagnetic force within the universe (in the form of an electron and proton, the subatomic elements of hydrogen). Within the supermassive density of quark-gluon plasma, hydrogen protons and their newly formed “anti-particle” electrons are propelled outward from the supermassive gravitational density conditions within the core of the quasar. At the surface of the quasar, the protons are channeled by gravitational force into orbit as a torus of proton-electron plasma whirling around the equatorial plane of the quasar. Massive electromagnetic force generated by the orbiting torus forms the cosmic plasma jets. Within the supermassive gravitational conditions of the torus orbiting around the equatorial plane of the quasar, accelerated nuclear fusion occurs that gives rise to the regional presence of atoms of higher and higher atomic weight, thereby accounting for the range of atomic elements evident around the quasar.

Is there any evidence for this other than the existence of the giant cosmic plasma jets?

“Dark Matter” is know to exist because its enormous gravitational effects are evident within the visible galaxy and galaxy clusters, which is how “Dark Matter” was discovered in the first place. And there is ten times more “Dark Matter” in the universe than there is visible matter. Spiral and elliptical galaxies lie embedded in large dark-matter halos. Clusters of galaxies lie embedded in even larger systems of dark matter. If this “Dark Matter” is evidence of the Universe of Energy and Particles that preexisted the Atomic-Stellar-Galaxy Universe, which we know has to be there in order for the Big Bang to have occurred in the first place, then the visible physical universe is but the thin outer fringe and skin of a greater Cosmos that is scientifically within our reach, the rest being the buried-from-sight “Dark Matter” that gave rise to the supermassive density of the “Big Bang” that formed the atoms and stars and galaxies.

Nature consistently repeats itself in patterns. And sometimes these patterns span octaves of magnitude, such as the orbital pattern of atoms (electromagnetic) and the orbital pattern of solar systems (gravity). If we can see the whole pattern of Gravity Implosion—Energy Explosion in the visible physical universe, we can extrapolate and apply this pattern to the universe of “Dark Matter” that formed it. It seems to me that the evolution of the stars shows us the entire Gravity Implosion—Energy Explosion pattern. By applying that pattern to the formation of the quasar, we have another way to look at the supermassive black hole and giant cosmic plasma jets and brilliant explosive magnitude we are seeing at galaxy center: On an astronomically larger theoretical scale, “Dark Matter” gathers into a nebula that gives rise to the supermassive black hole of the quasar (hydrogen-producing celestial orb) that gives rise to all the hydrogen in the galaxy. The quasar at galaxy center is surrounded by this nebula of “Dark Matter” that results in the channeling of the cosmic plasma jets by the same process that forms the jets from stars, but on an entirely different scale of magnitude.   

Origin and Evolution of the Universe, a Unified Scientific Theory by Paul Hollister, M.D. Copyright 2004

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Copyright © 2004 Origin and Evolution of the Universe, a Unified Scientific Theory by Paul Hollister, M.D.