Chapter 18 – Large Scale Unified Structure of Pre-Bang and Post-Bang Universes

•  Unit of Pattern and Marginal Line between Pre-Bang and Post-Bang Universes

In 1785 Wilhelm Herschel published his theory that we inhabit a nebula common in appearance to many others, which he concluded must be external to our own. This was the first notion of the existence of galaxies, though the term destined to describe that unit of pattern would not take shape in the mind of man until its composite appearance was brought within the reach of telescopic sight. The world had to wait until the 1920’s before Edwin Hubble definitely established the extragalactic nature of nebulae. As telescopic power increased, the number of nebulae increased from 722,000 in 1918 to 60 million by Hubble’s count in 1936. When George Abell published his first Catalog of Clusters of Galaxies in 1958 and reported the first list of 17 superclusters of galaxies in 1962, demonstrating clusters of clusters in 3 dimensions, astronomers began to look at galaxies as a population rather than individual objects, and galaxy clustering became a main subject of research in extragalactic astrophysics. Since that time astrophysicists have identified and mapped the superclusters of galaxies in great detail, performing northern and southern cluster surveys, mapping the large scale structure of clusters in 3 dimensions, and examining and classifying the clusters according to their galaxy morphology content. In the 1980’s, when wide-angle galaxy redshift surveys began to see larger sample volumes of the universe, galaxy distribution was described as frothy, characterized by large filamentary superclusters and corresponding large voids of space devoid of galaxies.

The image at right by Geller et al. shows the large-scale structure in the universe in the northern and southern galactic hemispheres. Each of the 9,325 points in the image represents a galaxy. The arcs forming the northern and southern boundaries of this plot are located about 400 million light-years from the Sun. The dark regions to the east and west are obscured by the plane of the Milky Way. A “Great Wall” containing thousands of galaxies stretches nearly horizontally across the entire northern (upper) portion of the surveyed region. A similar Southern Wall runs diagonally across the southern region. These walls delineate giant voids containing few if any galaxies. These voids are typically 150 million light-years in diameter. (Geller M.J., Huchra J.P., da Costa, L. A.,  Falco E. E., Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics).

Within the visible universe as a whole, this image shows the relatively nearby supercluster structure around giant voids of space. Further outward the pattern continues. Within 1 billion light-years there are approximately 3 billion large galaxies and 30 billion dwarf galaxies, and the patterned presence of superclusters and voids of space extends outward to the farthest reach of telescopic vision.

In 1983 Einasto J. et al. described the universe as having an irregular cellular structure and pointed out that the Large Scale Structure of the Universe resembles cells, the cells being the empty or nearly empty voids of space and the superclusters being flat filamentary structures serving as interstices of matter between the voids. The galaxies and galaxy clusters were described as concentrated toward cell walls, whereas the spatial density of galaxies inside the cell walls is very low. Superclusters were described as exhibiting a pronounced filamentary structure, and it was suggested by Einasto and subsequently clearly confirmed that such filaments are the primary structure in all superclusters. (Einasto J. 1983; Einasto M. et al. 1997). Nature published their evidence for periodicity within the three-dimensional network of rich superclusters and voids, wherein Einasato concluded that “there must exist some hitherto unknown process that produces this regular structure on large scales” (Einasto J. et al. 1997).

 As a hematologist inclined toward a Spectrum of Magnitudes view of the Universe, this description of a consistent cellular appearance immediately generated associations in my mind where I began to see the Large Scale Structure of the Universe as a pattern akin to the microscopic Small Scale Structure of the Universe I am so familiar with, except the large scale galaxy structures are bound together by gravity, whereas the small scale molecular structures are bound together by electromagnetic force.

When you look at this large-scale structure in the context of multicentric ongoing Big-Bangs, which is a fundamental aspect of this theory of physical universe evolution, the nearly homogeneous presence of huge voids of galaxy-free space between the superclusters has enormous practical significance, because these “Voids of Space” are unobstructed windows into the Pre-Bang Universe. The Physical Universe did not begin from a single Big Bang and is therefore multicentric in origin rather than unicentric in origin. The twin-lobed jets in quasars and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are the hallmark of active, ongoing Big-Bang process. These jets and the supermassive densities from which they arise are the physical sites of interface between the Pre-Bang and Post-Bang Universes. These jets are visible throughout the universe at optical, X-ray and radio wavelengths and can be regionally mapped relative to their respective contiguous voids of space. As we have seen, there is visible evidence that galaxies grow and evolve from inside outward as a result of these jets of hydrogen exploding from the supermassive nuclear centers of quasars and AGNs. Consequently, the large-scale supercluster structure of the universe has grown from inside outward into these filaments of supercluster form rather than collapsing en masse as a whole from a soup of matter produced by a single Big Bang. As the galaxies are actively materializing from these twin-lobed jets both near and far throughout the universe, there is an enormous corresponding Pre-Bang process going on regionally in a coexisting Pre-Bang Universe, even though it is at present beyond the power of scientific sight. The supermassive “black holes” and jets of quasars and AGNs are located in the walls of superclusters surrounding these voids of space, and thereby precisely localize the points of interface between the Pre-Bang and Post-Bang Universe within the large-scale structure. Hydrogen and the visible superclusters of galaxies correspond to the atomic-stellar-galaxy Physical Universe, which is the Post-Bang Universe. As the eyes of science are blocked outside the outer frontier of the Pre-Bang Universe with no knowledge of what energy, mass and processes it contains that led to the supermassive densities that ignited the Big Bang, a strategy is needed to systematically identify and explore the Pre-Bang Universe. The Pre-Bang Universe preceded and therefore must coexist with the Post-Bang Universe. The Pre-Bang Universe existed before the Big Bang and should therefore be present in the absence of the Post-Bang Universe. Space minus everything in the Post-Bang Universe can therefore potentially unmask the invisible presence of the Pre-Bang Universe. The Voids of Space between the superclusters are devoid of galaxies of the Post-Bang Universe and thereby frame and potentially expose the Pre-Bang Universe to direct scientific exploration.

The 2dF Galaxy and Quasar Redshift Surveys performed at the Anglo-Australian Observatory provide detailed pictures of the large scale structure of the actual surrounding universe. On June 27, 2003, The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: Final Data Release (Colless et al. 2003) was published which shows the distribution of nearly 230,000 galaxies mapped 3 billion light-years out into space. This survey was the result of an international collaboration involving more than 30 scientists from 11 institutions. This galaxy survey corresponds directly with their 2dF QSO Survey in which 22,000 QSOs were mapped out to 15 billion light-years from Earth. These surveys provide precise and detailed maps showing how the taxonomy of galaxies and quasars are distributed  in space within the surrounding Universe.

Among a host of other achievements, their redshift survey precisely characterized the galaxy population in terms of the distributions of fundamental properties such as luminosity, surface brightness, spectral type and star formation rate, and quantified the relationships between the internal properties of galaxies (such as luminosity, spectral type and star formation rate) and their external environment (the local density of galaxies and the surrounding large-scale structure), and investigated the properties of galaxy groups and clusters by defining a large, homogeneous sample of groups and clusters in redshift space.

This state of the art survey clearly shows how the large scale structure of the universe is composed of Superclusters of Galaxies surrounding Voids of Space and, from this theory’s ongoing Big-Bang perspective, maps the Quasars in relationship to the entire Mainstream Sequence of Galaxy Evolution! 

 According to this theory of evolution, the Pre-Bang and Post-Bang Universes are in direct relationship to each other and thereby are integral parts of a unified Cosmos system, because the Post-Bang Universe is actively materializing from the Pre-Bang Universe at astronomical numbers of Big-Bang locations that are distributed throughout all regions of the universe, wherever there are twin-lobed jets arising from supermassive black hole densities. The consistent arrangement of superclusters of galaxies surrounding voids of space suggests that there may be a definable pattern of spatial relationship between the visible Post-Bang Universe and invisible Pre-Bang Universe, which has heretofore been forgotten in the darkness. This pattern may provide us with the means to systematically penetrate the Pre-Bang Universe and unveil its dark matter mystery.

By selecting spherical voids of space circumferentially surrounded by superclusters of galaxies, it is possible to define and map Units of Pattern in the Large Scale Structure that contain large-volume samples of the Post-Bang Universe and corresponding regions of Pre-Bang Universe: a large-scale Unit of Universe  that contains the entire process of atomic-stellar-galaxy evolution and all known magnitudes of mass, energy, force and structure in the universe. Spherical Voids of Space are definable regions in the Large Scale Structure that have a measurable radius and visible circumference that form a natural boundary basis for defining Units of Universe in actual existence.

In the method described here, the geometrical center of the spherical Void of Space is designated as the center of the Unit of Universe. Surrounding the Void of Space are superclusters of galaxies which circumferentially demarcate the Void of Space in the form of an optical Marginal Line. This Marginal Line is a naturally occurring boundary that marks the physical separation of the Post-Bang Universe from the Void of Space. By analyzing the composite and component structure of this Unit of Universe in both 3- and 4-spatial dimensions, the structural and functional relationship between the Pre- and Post-Bang Universes can be systematically examined because each Void of Space is a regional window wherein the presence of the Pre-Bang Universe is less obstructed by the luminous mass of the Post-Bang Universe.

Space minus the Post-Bang Universe potentially contains the Pre-Bang Universe. With each Unit of Universe defined from an actual spherical Void of Space, its Radius and its optical Marginal Line provides a means for systematically mapping large-volume, representative samples of the Universe according to its elementary pattern of formation and structure. By selecting spherical shaped Voids of Space with well-defined Marginal Lines, composite Units of Universe can be regionally defined, mapped, analyzed and thereafter compared in a systematic fashion. Within the Large Scale Structure of the Universe, the interstices between the Voids of Space are filled with superclusters of galaxies (Post-Bang Universe), and these filamentous gatherings of superclusters are of variable thickness and abut with delimiting Voids of Space on either side. By establishing the geometrical center of the Void of Space as the geometrical center of the Unit of Universe, a grid can be drawn that defines the spatial relationship of the Post-Bang Universe to the Pre-Bang Universe Void of Space.

In the method diagram entitled Unit of Universe Grid, the black sphere in the center is the Void of Space; the Marginal Line is the naturally occurring optical boundary that defines the Void of Space; the Radius (R) that extends from the geometrical center to the circumferential Marginal Line mathematically defines the spherical Void of Space; the grid surrounding the Marginal Line on the axis of the Radius of the Void of Space spatially grid-maps the Post-Bang galaxies, clusters and superclusters surrounding the Marginal Line.

When the Large Scale Structure of the Universe is mapped in shell-layers of space-time around planet Earth (Cosmosphere surrounding Earth), with the Earth being the geometrical center of present time, representative Units of Universe can be selected and studied in the same shell-layer and different shell-layers of space-time, so comparative analysis can be performed between Units of Universe that exist in the same and different spatial eras of Cosmos history. By this means, the composite and component nature of both the Pre-Bang and Post-Bang Universes can be conjointly analyzed as a systematic whole. 

From Chapter 17 – Representative Sample of Cosmos and Universe

•  Large Scale Supercluster Structure of Universe

The Large Scale Supercluster Structure of Universe is nearly homogeneous at large distances. As the physical universe continues to materialize and evolve from the jets of ongoing Big-Bang process in quasars and galaxies near and far throughout the surrounding Large Scale Structure of Universe, we can regionally Frame the Cosmos into a testable laboratory wherein we can reconstruct the composite and component 4-spatial dimensional structure of the Atomic-Stellar-Galaxy Universe that results from the Big-Bang and Pre-Bang Universe of Energy and Particles that gives rise to the supermassive density conditions of the Big-Bang. The Pre-Bang and Post-Bang Universe simultaneously coexist within the 4^th spatial dimensional Radius of Universe that frames this visible Representative Sample of Physical Universe surrounding Planet Earth. Hence, our Cone of Vision from the geometrical center of planet Earth forms a reliable basis for identifying and defining a sample of universe that contains both the Post-Bang Universe and Pre-Bang Universe as a unified system.

When we look at the structure of the universe through a microscope, we are physically outside the composite whole looking inward at component parts of the structure we are examining, such as the anatomical structure of a human being or geophysical composition of a Sphere of Stone in hand. And with the focal capacity of our physical vision and scientific instruments, we slice the Composite Whole apart layer by layer from outside inward to see what each Plane of Magnitude is made of and how its Component layers and parts fit together. From outside inward, our Axis of Vision progresses sequentially inward plane by plane from the macroscopic surface of the whole to smaller and smaller focal Planes of Magnitude, from macroscopic to molecular to atomic Planes of Magnitude.

When we look at the structure of the universe through the telescope, we are physically inside a Component Point (Planet Earth) looking outward layer by layer at larger and larger Component Planes of Magnitude of a Composite Universe we are not able to see as a whole. Why? Because we are not able to see the Edge of Universe in any direction by which we can physically define the Whole. From inside outward, our Axis of Vision progresses sequentially plane-by-plane from macroscopic Surface of Earth to larger and larger focal Planes of Magnitude, from Planet to constellations of Stars to Galaxies to the Large Scale Supercluster Structure of the Universe. Within the composite whole of universe, geometrically and in fact, we are simply looking from our organic locus on Earth in opposite directions on a radial Axis of Vision toward the different Component Planes of Magnitude that form the Composite Structure of Universe: Outward—looking at the Large Scale Structure of the Universe; Inward—looking at the Small Scale Structure of the Universe.

In the distance, our telescopic Cone of Vision can see the homogeneous Large Scale Supercluster Structure of the Universe as a focal Plane of Magnitude. If we extend the base of this Cone of Vision circumferentially into a Sphere of Magnitude surrounding Planet Earth, we will be looking at a 3-dimensional geometrical shell-layer of Large Scale Supercluster Structure of Universe. By assembling and sky mapping our focal Planes of Vision at a defined radial distance, such as 1 billion light-years from Earth, the Large Scale Supercluster Structure of Universe can be precisely physically mapped as a shell-layer surrounding Planet Earth, like we map the constellations of stars surrounding Earth at a distance of 250 light-years.

Now let’s translocate our Locus of Vision on the radial axis of this Sphere of Universe to outside the 1 billion light-years radial distance, so we are outside this Sphere of Large Scale Supercluster Structure looking inward toward geometrical center Earth. Now we can hold this shell-layer in our hands as a Sphere of Universe and examine it from the outside, which gives us the power of a different perspective. We are looking at a Sphere of Universe 2-billion light-years in diameter that structurally resembles a sphere of honeycomb, superclusters of galaxies surrounding voids of space. If we could hold this actual Sphere of Universe in our hand and slice it in half like a hive of honeycomb, it would be easy for us to see that this Sphere of Universe is homogenously filled to the full with the same Large Scale Supercluster Structure we see as a shell-layer one billion light-years away from Planet Earth. Rather than being just a shell-layer that looks like a hallow tennis ball, this Sphere of Universe is homogeneously filled with Large Scale Supercluster Structure of Universe. Why? Because we have just looked at this Sphere of Universe in two ways: We have looked at and defined an actual Sphere of Universe in both 3- and 4-spatial dimensions. Telescopically, we are looking at the Large-Scale Surface of this Sphere of Universe from the inside, on an Axis of Vision that corresponds to the inside-outside radial axis of the 4^th spatial dimension. Hence our Axis of Vision sequentially passed through a series of different 3-dimensioanl Planes of Magnitude—Stars, Galaxies, Clusters, Superclusters—wherein each respective magnitude occupies this Sphere of Universe to the full, simultaneously. By contrast, with our Axis of Vision moving from outside inward, which is the way we are accustomed to looking at Composite macroscopic objects on Planet Earth, we are looking at the Composite whole of this Sphere of Large Scale Supercluster Structure in 3-spatial dimensions. This enables the power of our minds to see that the surrounding Cosmosphere is homogeneously filled with a network of Large Scale Supercluster Structure throughout the Sphere of Universe.

Looking inward or outward on a radial axis from the surface of Earth, our Cone of Vision (Focus of Vision) and the Cone of Magnitudes (Objects of Vision) we see in the Universe coincide with each other on the axis of the 4^th spatial dimension, such that we are looking inward and outward within a 4^th spatial dimension of depth. On the inside-outside axis of the 4^th spatial dimension, horizons of composite and corresponding component structures are aligned sequentially inside each other in a series of magnitudes that extend all the way from the largest know structure to smallest known structure in the universe, from Large Scale Supercluster Structure to Galaxy to Solar System to Planet Earth to Human Being to Cell to Atom to Particle. Outward, we look through the telescope toward one end of this Scale of Structure. Inward, we look through the microscope toward the other end of this Scale of Structure. In this sense, the telescope and microscope are simply looking in opposite directions on a radial Axis of Vision that extends from the Outer Edge of the Universe to the Inner Edge of the Universe, from the largest scale of structure to the smallest scale of structure in the Universe.

In order to bring the structure of the entire Universe within our grasp, so we can examine the Composite and Component parts of its structure in a familiar “3 dimensional” way, it will help if we hold this Sphere of Universe in our hand so we can look at the Sphere of Universe as a whole and take it apart layer by layer, which is how we are accustomed to looking at and taking objects apart on Earth to see what they are made of and how they tic. This will enable us to look at this Sphere of Universe from outside inward as well as from inside outward. In other words, through the Eyes of the Cosmos, which is exactly what your eyes are, the surrounding Cosmos and Universe are going under the Microscope. We can do this by assembling our three Cones of Vision from the macroscopic surface of Earth—telescopic, macroscopic, microscopic—into a single Cone of Magnitudes aligned on the radial axis of the 4^th spatial dimension from the geometrical center of Earth. Within this representative Sphere of Universe in hand, the telescope and microscope are fundamentally no different because each is simply looking in opposite directions on the radial axis of the 4^th spatial dimension (Axis of Vision) at an array of 3-dimensional Planes and Spheres of Magnitude. By adjusting our Locus and Focus of Vision to correspond proportionately to each Plane and Sphere of Magnitude, we can virtually look at this 4-dimensional Sphere of Universe from any locus in a familiar 3-dimensional way. When you look at the Cosmos and Universe this way, it gives you extra powers, because you can begin to see in both 3- and 4-spatial dimensions. Once you acquire this power, you can apply this duel power of vision to any and all magnitudes of structure anywhere in the Universe, and it is surprising what you are able to see and how well it all fits together. 

When I realized that we are experiencing a 4-dimensional universe filtered through 3-dimensional sense organs, this universe began to make sense to me. When I further realized that not only do we human beings grow from inside outward from a single cell, cell-by-cell, into newborn and fully grown human form but so also the entire Physical Universe has grown from inside outward galaxy-by-galaxy into this Large Scale Supercluster Structure we see, the Cosmos began to make sense to me. Then it was I realized how important this treatise is and why this writing pouring from my pen seemed so impelling to me as it unfolded page-by-page before my eyes, because I was seeing it All! And the more I saw, the more I knew that this knowledge will hold true forever. Because with our own eyes, we can see it! From the visible jettisoned Big-Bang beginning of the Atom—to the birth of the Stars—to the birth, growth and evolution of each and every Galaxy—to the galaxy-by-galaxy growth and evolution of the Large Scale Supercluster Structure of the Universe—we can see it All! Because the entire range of atomic-stellar-galaxy Physical Universe evolution is fully within the range and reach of our telescopes and scientific instruments and the power of our human intelligence—right Now!   

From Chapter 17 – Representative Sample of Cosmos and Universe

•  Pre-Bang + Post-Bang Universe within Large Scale Structure of Universe

Telescopically, the large scale structure of the universe appears to consist of Superclusters of Galaxies surrounding large Voids of Space. As there is visible evidence of furiously active jets of ongoing Big-Bang process giving rise to the growth and evolution of galaxies near and far throughout the visible universe, both the Pre-Bang Universe and Post-Bang Universe must coexist in physical proximity throughout the space of the visible universe. The visible network of Galaxy Superclusters (atoms, stars, galaxies) correspond to the Post-Bang Physical Universe, so the Voids of Space between them form Windows in the Post-Bang Universe that give us a relatively unobstructed view of the as yet invisible Pre-Bang Universe. These Windows in the Post-Bang Universe can potentially serve as regional areas of opportunity to unmask the supermassive gravitational secrets and constituent nature of the Pre-Bang Universe. The physical juxtaposition between the Galaxy Superclusters and Voids of Space provides a large scale interface between the Pre-Bang and Post-Bang Universe, the depth of which we can now begin to probe with the power of our scientific instruments and intelligence. In order to localize, magnify and scientifically examine the precise structural and functional nature of this interface at all magnitudes, and thereby scientifically enter this window of opportunity into the Pre-Bang Universe, we must first more fully define and frame this Pre-Bang + Post-Bang Unit of Pattern within the Large Scale Structure of the Universe.  

 Being as small as we are in a Cosmos as large as it is, it is of course impossible to see the whole Cosmos and Universe as a single Composite, because we are in the midst the middle and can’t see the edge of the universe in any direction. Therefore, in order to accurately see the Composite and Component structural nature of the Cosmos and Universe as it actually is, we have to reassemble its Component parts into a Composite whole that can be systematically explored and tested by the scientific method. We can do this by identifying its fundamental Unit of Pattern, a Structural and Functional Unit of Universe that is truly representative of the fundamental fabric and structure of the Cosmos and Universe as a whole. In the Large Scale Structure of the Universe we have such a Unit of Pattern, because our telescopes reveal that there is a nearly homogeneous pattern in the Large Scale Structure of the Universe: Superclusters of Galaxies surrounding large Voids of Space.

The Cosmos and Universe and everything in it, including our human bodies, are all made of structural Units of Pattern: Particles, Atoms, Cells, Stars, Galaxies. At each juncture in human history when the universal nature of one of these Units of Pattern has been recognized and realized by science, our knowledge as a species has exploded and expanded. We are now on the verge of another explosion in knowledge because the Unit of Pattern we see in the large scale supercluster structure appears to be nothing less than a composite Unit of Universe. However, like the fuzzy object in years of yore that Messier could only count and catalogue as nebula M87, this Unit of Pattern in the Large Scale Structure of the Universe is still far from clearly defined. The illustration above and description below serve as a model and method for how this Unit of Pattern can be surveyed, mapped, selectively framed, assembled and explored in depth as a Structural and Functional Unit of Universe, containing both the Pre-Bang and Post-Bang Universes.

Looking outward on a radial Axis of Vision from planet Earth to one billion light-years away, the base of our telescopic Cone of Vision and the Cone of Magnitudes in view coincide and correspond to a Plane of Magnitude within which we can see, measure and investigate the Large Scale Supercluster Structure of the Universe in detail. At this distance, as a Cone is a sector of a Sphere, just as we sky map the constellations of stars in the surrounding sky, we can reconstruct the Large Scale Supercluster Structure of the Universe as a visible Sphere of Magnitude surrounding planet Earth. This enables us to survey and map the pattern of a defined shell-layer of universe at a defined distance from Earth. We can then cone in on and select representative Units of Pattern in this Large Scale Structure that contain a large void of space circumferentially surrounded by a chain and plane of supercluster galaxy structure. This Unit of Universe pattern in the Large Scale Structure can give us the means to breakthrough the Big Bang and Black Hole barrier that divides, separates and conjoins the Pre-Bang and Post-Bang Universes.

The Cone of Vision from Planet Earth in the illustration above represents the large scale pattern we can see with our optical telescopes at large distances, such as one billion light-years away. Whereas earlier we extended this Cone of Vision into a Sphere of Magnitude surrounding Earth, we are now going to cone in on a single Unit of Pattern in the Large Scale Supercluster Structure so we can analyze it in-depth as a unified system. In-depth analysis of this Unit of Pattern at the nearest distance that brings the Composite whole into view will be a means by which science can breakthrough the roadblock of current thinking and scientifically enter the Pre-Bang Universe. This is possible because this Unit of Pattern corresponds to a Sphere of Universe that is physically definable in both 3- and 4-spatial dimensions, an actual 4-dimensional Sphere of Universe that can be analyzed in-depth from inside outward and from outside inward at all magnitudes. Thereby the Composite and Component structure of both the Pre-Bang and Post-Bang Universe are within our scientific grasp as a unified system.

In the illustration above, the 2-dimensional focal Planes of Vision and 3-dimensional Plane of Magnitude (Upper Right) represent what we see with the optical telescope. The 3-dimensional hollow Sphere of Large Scale Structure (Lower Left) corresponds to what we can see when we assemble the serial slices of telescopic Planes of Vision and Magnitude into their respective 3-dimensional form, which corresponds to the “bubble” astronomers have seen in the large scale structure. This optically visible Unit of Pattern is the surface of a 4-dimensional Composite Sphere of Cosmos in situ structure that contains both the Pre-Bang and Post-Bang Universe, because the visible walls of supercluster structure around and between the voids of space collectively contain the full range of galaxy evolution. Within these walls of supercluster structure, the supermassive black holes and jettisoning Big-Bang process at quasar and galaxy center precisely localize the physical interface between the Pre-Bang and Post-Bang Universes. The 4-Dimensional Composite Sphere of Large Scale Structure of Pre- and Post-Bang Universes (Upper Left) corresponds to the Composite and Component structure of this Unit of Universe. This Unit of Universe also corresponds to the geometrical Sphere of Cosmos in the 4^th Spatial Dimension on the frontispiece of this treatise, in the form of a Sphere of Universe in actual physical existence.

Before describing this model and method in more detail, I would like to step back for a moment to frame this perspective in a way that our physical eyes are accustomed to, so that it won’t seem quite so far removed from the benchmark of our ordinary 3-dimensional human experience and understanding.

On the surface of Earth, our organic physical eyes only see the macroscopic surface of Composite objects (a planet, a human being, a stone in hand), and we have to systematically disassemble and slice the Composite whole apart to see what it is made of and how its Component layers and parts all fit together. We begin outside the Composite whole and look inward toward its Component layers and parts; and during the process of our exploration inward, we must be very careful to continually localize where we are within the space of the Composite whole or we will become disoriented and lost in the depth of the structure. My neuroanatomical colleague at Hirosaki University School of Medicine, for example, slices the brain into sections and carefully labels each block of tissue in order to remember exactly where it came from. He then serially slices the block of tissue into slivers that are placed on microscope slides in the precise order and up-down orientation they were before being cut, so the block-of-tissue is still spatially aligned the way it was in situ before being cut into planes-of-tissue. Now the Structure is sliced into 3-dimensional Planes of Structure separated in space on glass slides sequentially arranged in a slide box in the order they were in situ. Thereby the anatomist remains oriented at all times within each layer of structure as well as within the structure as a whole, even though he removes a slide from the sequence of the whole and rotates the vertical plane-of-tissue 90º so that he can peer into the depth of its structure under the microscope.  

 It is like taking a puzzle apart and examining each piece to see how the layers and parts fit together into the integral structure of the Composite whole. Beginning from outside the Composite whole, when we are able to see and comprehend the structural and functional nature of its Component layers and parts at each level of magnitude, our knowledge and understanding of the whole and its parts becomes complete: such as the macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical structure of the human body. Likewise, when we are able to assemble the Component parts into Component layers of the Composite whole, our knowledge and understanding of a Unified System in Nature becomes complete: such as the atomic-molecular and crystalline composition of a shale of stone, and the manner in which shales of stone form a geological layer in the Earth, and the manner in which this geological strata is a habitat for an entire ecological system.

You have to have a sense of history in order to realize the explosion of knowledge that results when the power of our vision increases sufficiently to recognize a universal Unit of Pattern in the structure of the Universe. We take for granted that the cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of plants and animals and every living form, but until Robert Hooke and Anton van Leeuwenhoek described what they saw under the microscope, we didn’t even know that the cell existed. We didn’t know that cells differentiate, that the whole organism could be understood through the study of its cellular layers and parts, that every organism grows and evolves into form from a single cell, that microscopic cell structure consists of molecular and atomic structure, that cell structure has a function that can be precisely understood as a series of biochemical reactions. All of this wealth of knowledge began with the recognition of a Unit of Pattern under the microscope by Hooke and Leeuwenhoek in the middle of the 17^th century.

First we have to see the Unit of Pattern, then we can take it apart to see what it’s made of, and how it works, and what it does, and where it came from, and what it will become.

When we as cosmologists turn our lenses in the opposite direction and look outward into the depth of the Cosmos, however, our process of scientific discovery is reversed because we don’t begin with a picture of the Composite whole. It is like putting a puzzle together without knowing what the final picture looks like. We are inside the mesh of the Universe looking outward at its Component layers and parts rather than outside the Composite whole looking inward, so our telescopic vision initially only sees the Component parts of Composite wholes that we don’t even know exist.

A quick sweep of history can show this in a blink: Initially, the unaided vision of our species saw a flat earth and stars above, and that was the whole universe. Then Copernicus and Galileo discovered that the Earth was round, a planet in a solar system in a universe of stars, and that surprise became the whole universe. Then Messier catalogued the Composite parts of the nearby universe, fuzzy nebulae that no one in their wildest imagination could have predicted would turn out to be what our telescopes have shown us, and that surprise expanded our universe of stars into a universe of galaxies. Then Hubble catalogued the galaxies as Component parts of a largely incomprehensible system of universe that had no visible edge. Then the power of our telescopes ballooned the structural magnitude of the universe into the Large Scale Supercluster Galaxy Structure that we now can see is all around us to the furthest limit of our visual power—yet still neither Edge nor End is in sight!

Our situation is somewhat like being an anatomist who, through a horrendously disorienting trick of fate, was born inside a microscope without ever having seen the ordinary appearance of the surrounding macroscopic world. And inside that microscopic situation, he is trying to assemble focal planes of visual experience into a macroscopic structure that makes sense, the Composite nature of which is utterly unimaginable because the Whole has never been seen before. Without the advantage of seeing a picture of the Composite whole, we look at Component parts arrayed in space and try to the best of our ability to assemble the system into sense. And then, finally, Surprise by Surprise, as the power of our vision evolves, the answer appears in a vista of view, captured in the form of what we see before our eyes.

“Oh my! So that’s what it looks like: This flat Earth is Round!” 

Oh my, a Solar System!

Oh my, a Galaxy!

Oh my, a Superclustered Sphere of Galactic Universe! Which is just the Physical Galaxy Surface of a Sphere of Cosmos Void!

Oh my. What do we do now? Go to see our psychiatrist?

No.

We do what we’ve always done.

We take it apart and see what it’s made of.

From Origin and Evolution of the Universe, a Unified Scientific Theory by Paul Hollister, M.D. Copyright 2004

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